2014年成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納：形容詞和副詞五

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　　十一、形容詞與副詞的修飾關(guān)系： 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，形容詞用來(lái)作表語(yǔ)(與系動(dòng)詞連用，注意taste， feel， become等詞作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它們后的表示應(yīng)該是形容詞，包括?ed分詞)或作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，而形容詞不能修飾形容詞包括?ED分詞;但副詞可以修飾形容詞(包括?ED分詞)，副詞還可以修飾副詞、動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)

　　十二、形容詞與副詞的位置

　　1. 當(dāng)幾個(gè)形容詞共同修飾同一名詞時(shí)，它們的先后順序是：限定詞→數(shù)詞→描述性形容詞→大小、長(zhǎng)短、形狀的形容詞→色彩形容詞→類屬形容詞→表材料形容詞+被修飾的名詞;或只記住限定詞像a， the， my， their等詞在最前邊，其他詞根據(jù)它們與被修飾名詞關(guān)系的遠(yuǎn)近進(jìn)行安排

　　2. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，單個(gè)副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)，副詞放在形容詞前;但enough修飾形容詞時(shí)要放在形容詞之后

　　good enough， mysterious enough

　　3. so修飾的是副詞，而such修飾的是名詞

　　4. 形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)放在前邊，但修飾復(fù)合不定代詞(something， someone， somebody; anything， anyone， anybody; nothing， no?one， nobody)時(shí)，則放在這些詞之后

　　something important， anything possible

　　十三、關(guān)于hardly， rarely， scarcely與seldom的用法

　　hardly“剛剛，不完全”，表示程度：I hardly know him. “我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)不出他了”，表示還是能認(rèn)出或者說(shuō)“我剛剛能認(rèn)出他”;hardly與any連用表示“幾乎沒(méi)有”，與ever連用表示“幾乎從來(lái)不”; scarcely的意思與hardly更接近。rarely“不經(jīng)?！?，表示事物發(fā)生的頻率：He rarely goes there. 他很少(不經(jīng)常)去那里。seldom“很少，不經(jīng)?！?，它與rarely更接近。

　　同步練習(xí)

　　1) The five?year deal obligates [A] the country to buy nine million tons [B] of grain a year [C] ， three million more as [D] the old pact's minimum.

　　解析：D錯(cuò)。 改為than.

　　2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.

　　[A] in the same function [B] the same function as

　　[C] the function is the same as [D] and has the same function

　　解析：B對(duì)。本句的漢語(yǔ)意思是“照相機(jī)的鏡頭和眼睛的水晶體所起的作用相同”。

　　3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would

　　have as the amount of money borrowed.

　　[A] as the same value [B] the same value

　　[C] value as the same [D] the value is the same

　　解析：B對(duì)。本句的漢語(yǔ)意思是“消除通貨膨漲會(huì)保證還的錢與借時(shí)的錢同值”。

　　4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.

　　[A] more sophisticated than

　　[B] much more sophisticated

　　[C] much sophisticated

　　[D] sophisticated

　　解析：B為正確答案。

　　5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth.

　　[A] clearest

　　[B] the clearest

　　[C] much clearer

　　[D] more clearer

　　解析：C為正確答案。

　　6) Common porpoises(海豚) are usually not considered [A] migratory， although [B] some do move [C] to more warmer [D] waters in winter.

　　解析：D錯(cuò)。 改為warmer.

　　7) During observations made over a fifty?year period， the power output of the Sun has than a few tenths of one percent.

　　[A] varied by no more [B] varied no more by

　　[C] not varied more by [D] more varied by not

　　解析：A為正確答案。

　　8) Few of the people who live on the cooperatives than they were as laborers.

　　[A] is well off financial

　　[B] financially well off

　　[C] are better off finanically

　　[D] financial better off

　　解析：C為正確答案。

　　9) He came all the way to China for promoting friendship for making money.

　　[A] other than [B] better than [C] more than [D] rather than

　　解析：D為正確答案。

　　10) He preferred to write the letter by hand .

　　[A] to typing it

　　[B] than type it

　　[C] to type it

　　[D] rather than type it

　　解析： D為正確答案。

　　11) The harder he tried， [A] the worst [B] he danced [C] before the large [D] audience.

　　解析：B錯(cuò)。 改為worse.

　　12) The quicker a loan [A] is repaid [B] ， the least [C] it will [D] cost.

　　解析： C錯(cuò)。 改為less.

　　13) Hot objects emit do cold objects.

　　[A] rays more than infrared(紅外線) [B] rays are more infrared than

　　[C] more than infrared rays [D] more infrared rays than

　　解析：D對(duì)。本句中的比較級(jí)為形容詞more (much 的比較級(jí))，被比較的兩個(gè)事物為“hot objects”和“cold objects”，在所釋放(emit)的紅外線(infrared rays)的量上，前者多于后者。其中more修飾infrared rays，它們不能被分開(kāi)，故只有D在詞序上正確?？瞻缀竺鏋榈寡b語(yǔ)序，其中的do代替動(dòng)詞emit，本句空白后也可用正常語(yǔ)序，即“cold objects do”。

　　14) Last year the country had [A] fewer imports as [B] did the year before last [C] due to [D] the energy crisis.

　　解析： B錯(cuò)。 改為than.

　　15) Long Island， an [A] island that forms the [B] southeastern part of New York， has a [C] greater population than which [D] of forty?two of thefifty states.

　　解析： D錯(cuò)。 改為that，代替population.

　　16) The grain of rye is longer [A] and slenderer [B] than [C] those of [D] wheat.

　　解析：D錯(cuò)。 改為that.這里比較的“The grain”不是復(fù)數(shù)，不能用復(fù)數(shù)代詞those.

　　17) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than .

　　[A] the domestic marketer has [B] the domestic marketer does

　　[C] those of the domestic marketer [D] that which has the domestic marketer

　　解析：C為正確答案。比較句中，連詞than前后，即所比較的成分要一致，應(yīng)該在同種事物間進(jìn)行比較。本句所比較的是兩種 activities ，故C正確，代詞those 代替“the activities”。

　　18) The grape is cultivated plants.

　　[A] one of the oldest [B] the oldest one

　　[C] one which the oldest [D] the one is the oldest of

　　解析：A對(duì)?！皁ne of the oldest…”表示“(歷史)最長(zhǎng)的栽種植物之一”，C和D均不合語(yǔ)法，而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)中的one多余。

　　19) ， William Shakespeare is the most widely known.

　　[A] With all writers in English

　　[B] All writers in English

　　[C] All of the writers in English

　　[D] Of all writers in English

　　解析：D為正確答案。

　　20) The crane is of the wading birds.

　　[A] the tallest

　　[B] the tallest that is

　　[C] which is the tallest

　　[D] which the tallest is

　　解析：A為正確答案。

　　21) The Appalachians Trail， extending [A] approximately 2，020 miles [B] from Maine to Georgia， is the longer [C] continuous [D] marked footpath in the world.

　　解析：C錯(cuò)。只有在兩者相比較時(shí)才使用比較級(jí)，而本句出現(xiàn)了狀語(yǔ)in the world，明顯表示不止兩者相比，故應(yīng)改用最高級(jí) (the) longest .

　　22) La Paz， Bolivia is the higher [A] capital city in [B] the western hemisphere and [C] the second?highest [D] in the world.

　　解析：A錯(cuò)。 改為the highest.

　　23) The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as .

　　[A] possibly little nourishment [B] nourishment possibly little

　　[C] little as possible nourishment [D] little nourishment as possible

　　解析：D 為正確答案，“as little nourishment as possible ”意為“盡可能少的養(yǎng)料”。

　　24) Earlier [A] or later， all lakes are influenced [B] by eutrophication， a process in which lake sediment(沉積物) lowers the depth [C] of the water and drains(除去) oxygen from it [D] .

　　解析： A錯(cuò)。改為sooner.

　　25) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf of the telephone.

　　[A] than inventing [B] than as the inventor

　　[C] the invention [D] as the inventor

　　解析：B 為正確答案，兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)“as a teacher of the deaf”和“ as the inventor of the telephone”相比。

　　26) Wool is characteristic on which to classify breeds of sheep.

　　[A] most obviously

　　[B] obvious the most

　　[C] the most obvious

　　[D] the most obvious that is

　　解析：C為正確答案。注意： 空檔后的“characteristic”是名詞而不是形容詞，所以不能填A(yù).

　　27) The Democratic party has controlled [A] the most [B] of the elected positions at [C] state and local levels in South Carolina since [D] the Reconstruction.

　　解析：B錯(cuò)。 改為most.

　　28) During [A] the seventeenth century the most [B] colonists were primarily concerned with [C] D)] economics [D] and defense.

　　解析：B錯(cuò)。 改為most.

　　29) Belgium， in the [A] 19th century， rapid [B] grew into [C] an industrial [D] country.

　　解析：A錯(cuò)。改為rapidly.

　　30) The Lost Colony in North Carolina mysterious [A] disappeared between [B] 1587 and 1590， when its [C] founder returned from a visit [D] to England.

　　解析：A錯(cuò)。改為mysteriously.

　　31) Many flatworms have of eyes.

　　[A] more pairs than one

　　[B] more than one pair

　　[C] one more pair than

　　[D] one pair more than

　　解析：B為正確答案。

　　32) Of the two houses the family prefers .

　　[A] the most isolated one

　　[B] the one isolated more

　　[C] the more isolated one

　　[D] the isolated one more

　　解析：C為正確答案。

　　33) Freezing is at present one of the of preserving meats and vegatables.

　　[A] most methods are important

　　[B] methods most important

　　[C] most important methods

　　[D] most are important methods

　　解析：C為正確答案。

　　34) The radio was of so [A] inferior quality that [B] I took it back [C] and asked for a better one [D] .

　　解析： A錯(cuò)。 改為such.

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