2011年自考英語寫作精選句大匯總(3)
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第二部分：寫作常識 $lesson$
一、圖形種類及概述法：
泛指一份數(shù)據(jù)圖表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table
餅圖：pie chart
直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart/histogram轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
趨勢曲線圖：line chart/curve diagram
表格圖：table
流程圖或過程圖：flow chart/sequence diagram
程序圖：processing/procedures diagram
以下是一些較常用的描述用法
The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that)
According to the table/chart diagram/graph
As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，
figures/statistics shows (that)……
It can be seen from the figures/statistics
We can see from the figures/statistics
It is clear from the figures/statistics
It is apparent from the figures/statistics
table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ……
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how
二、data的具體表達法
data在某一個時間段固定不變：fixed in time
在一系列的時間段中轉(zhuǎn)變：changes over time
持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下：
增加：increase/raise/rise/go up ……
減少：decrease/grow down/drop/fall ……
波動：fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave ……
穩(wěn)定：remain stable/stabilize/level off ……
最常用的兩種表達法：
動詞 + 副詞形式(Verb+Adverb form)
形容詞 + 名詞形式(Adjective+Noun form)
1. Verb+Adverb form
The number of XXX
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate……
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/
dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly……
+from (第一時間) to (第二時間)/between (第一時間) and (第二時間)
2. Adjective+Noun form
There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation (注意：上述很多詞不可用于修飾fluctuation)
+in the number of XXX from (第一時間) to (第二時間)/between (第一時間) and (第二時間)
描述穩(wěn)定的data：
The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一時間) to (第二時間)/between (第一時間) and (第二時間)
The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一時間) to (第二時間)/between (第一時間) and (第二時間)
There was little change/hardly any change/no change in the number of XXX from from
(第一時間) to (第二時間)/between (第一時間) and (第二時間)
描述不同狀態(tài)的data
Noun form：
steady drop/sharp rise peak/dramatic fall/sharp drop轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
Verbal form：
(to) bottom out/(to) reach the bottom/(to) increase gradually/(to) reach a plateau/(to) remain steady
描述the highest point以及the lowest point
高點極值：
The monthly profit/The figures/The situation ……
+peaked in (月份/年) <準確時間點用at XXX> at XXX%/XXX(極點data)
或者reached a peak/a high point at XXX%/XXX(極點data)
低點極值：
XXX bottomed out/reached
+rock/the bottom/a low point
或者hit a trough
此外，在描述過程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：
并列： as well as(句首/中)， also， as well(句尾)， either， neither， too， moreover，
furthermore， in addition， additionally， besides， what's more， apart from ……
舉例： for example， for instance， to illustrate， as an illustration， in particular， particularly， especially
事實： as a matter of fact， in fact， actually， as long as， so long as ……
雷同/近似：similarly， likewise(句首/尾)， at the same time， equally ……
轉(zhuǎn)折： however， whereas， nevertheless， nonetheless， though， although， even though，
while， yet， on the contrary， contrarily， in contrast， conversely，
on the other hand， unlikely， in stead (of)， in spite of， despite of ……
原因與結(jié)果
1. cause-suggestion (幾乎不常用)
since/now that ……; I hope that……
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth， I hope that……
2. cause-effect (較常用)
XXX lead to/bring about/result in/ account for ……
(一個句子)， therefore/thus/hence/as a result/consequently/(and) so ……
3. effect-cause (較常用)
XXX be caused by/result from/be the result of/be the effect of/be the consequence of ……
(一個句子)， because ……
it is adj. that ……
it is unimaginable that ……
it is undeniable that ……
it is interesting to discover that ……
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