環(huán)保畢業(yè)論文:天津市典型經(jīng)濟(jì)林木滯塵能力研究--前言

　　摘  要

　　本文通過實(shí)地采樣方法對(duì)天津市典型經(jīng)濟(jì)樹種的滯塵能力做了研究，并以常用綠化樹種作為對(duì)比。對(duì)各植株的基本特征進(jìn)行了調(diào)查以作為研究的輔助資料。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)分別測(cè)定出了個(gè)植株的單位葉面積滯塵量、單位葉重滯塵量、單株滯塵量。得出以下結(jié)論：不同樹木滯塵量存在差異是由于各樹木本身生物學(xué)特性和其生長(zhǎng)的自然環(huán)境的不同。城市綠化應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇滯塵能力較強(qiáng)的樹種，經(jīng)濟(jì)樹種在滯塵能力方面與現(xiàn)有綠化樹種存在差距，所調(diào)查經(jīng)濟(jì)樹種單株葉面積在4.84～992.85 m2之間；單位葉面積滯塵量在0.8～1.3 mg/cm2之間；單株滯塵量在0.055～5.148kg之間。經(jīng)濟(jì)樹種滯塵能力強(qiáng)的有：柿樹、杏樹、核桃、銀杏等樹種。并提出了：因地制宜的選擇滯塵經(jīng)濟(jì)樹種、綜合考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)樹種對(duì)其它污染物的抗性、大力發(fā)展立體綠化的建議。

　　Study on Dust Catching Ability of Typical Economic Tree in Tianjin

ABSTRACT

This thesis uses the method of the on-the-spot sample to carry on an investigation in the dust catching ability of typical economic tree in Tianjin, and with the tree which common using in afforestation for a contrast. Investigate the basic characteristic of each plant, and make it to become the assistant data. Through the experiment, we gained the unit of a plant leaf area dust catching quantity, unit leaf heavy dust catching quantity and the single plant dust catching quantity. The conclusion is as follows: The dust catching ability different of the plant is because of the difference of the biology characteristic of tree and natural environment of the tree growth. The city afforestation should choose the stronger tree of the dust catching ability. The dust catching ability of economic tree is less than the tree of common using in afforestation, the single plant leaf area are between 4.84m2 and 992.85 m2, the unit of a plant leaf area of economic tree are between 0.8 mg/cm2 and 1.3 mg/cm2, the single plant dust catching quantity are between 0.055kg and 5.148 kg.The economic tree Having strong dust catching ability, such as persimmon, apricot, walnut and gingko to grow first. In building green landscape, we can select: chinar, paulownia, common papermulberry, persimmon, apricot, walnut, gingko, cherry, fig, forsythia, holly, a species mix. The suggestion is as follows: While choosing the economic tree of dust catching, we should consider the actual circumstance; Synthesize to consider other pollutants to the economic tree influence; Develop strongly the stereoscopic afforestation.

前  言

　　城市化進(jìn)程的加快加劇了對(duì)自然環(huán)境的破壞，其改變了自然的空氣環(huán)境，粉塵、煙霧、有害氣體增多，同時(shí)，人們不斷提高的生活水平對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量又提出了更高的要求，城市生態(tài)建設(shè)日益受到重視。城市綠化改變環(huán)境，調(diào)節(jié)城市小氣候，吸收污染氣體，吸附塵埃，凈化空氣等作用日益被認(rèn)識(shí)，且其改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的功能應(yīng)放在首位也逐漸成為共識(shí)，園林綠地在城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡調(diào)控中起著重要作用[12]。植物滯塵能力作為城市綠化樹種選擇的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)開始得以應(yīng)用。

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)林木除了具有經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)出的功能之外，與自然界其他植物一樣，同樣有吸收二氧化碳、放出氧氣的光合作用，有吸收環(huán)境中的有毒有害物質(zhì)，有防風(fēng)固沙、減少噪音等生態(tài)功能[1]。在城市綠化中運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)林木，將其產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益再次投入到城市綠化中去，從而可走出一條經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與生態(tài)效益相結(jié)合的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的城市綠化道路。

　　本次研究采用實(shí)地調(diào)研為主，查閱資料為輔的方法的，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)林木的滯塵能力進(jìn)行研究，并與現(xiàn)有的有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)林木的其他抗污染能力的研究結(jié)果以及非經(jīng)濟(jì)林木滯塵能力的研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行科學(xué)比較。結(jié)合天津?qū)嶋H情況和城市綠化中所要注意的問題，綜合考慮各方因素，給出一套能發(fā)揮經(jīng)濟(jì)林木滯塵能力天津市綠化方案。