2018年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)知識(shí)精講(18)
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as though 似乎、好像
【例句】He behaved as though nothing had happened. 他裝作若無(wú)其事的樣子。
【總結(jié)】as if/as though的用法
as if 與as though 是一組同義詞，兩者意思相同，用法也相同，只是在口語(yǔ)中人們多半會(huì)用as if, 取其簡(jiǎn)短。as if和as though用法較為復(fù)雜，
(一)在通常情況下，as if 和as though所引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示所敘述的情況與事實(shí)相反。具體用法如下：
1)談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在情形的，用過(guò)去時(shí)(動(dòng)詞be用were,也可用was)：
Why is she looking at me as though she knew me? 他為什么那樣看我?像是認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。
He behaves as if he owned the house. 他的樣子好像他擁有這個(gè)房子。
It's not as though he was /were poor.
2)談?wù)撨^(guò)去情形的動(dòng)詞形式有以下幾種：
a)過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)，如：
He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as if to miss a train was the best joke in the world.
他站在那里，望著火車哈哈大笑，好像誤了火車是天底下最開(kāi)心的事兒似的。
Mr. Coleman always talked as if he knew everything.
但是，如果狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶有持續(xù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
(試比較：They had been friends for years.)
Now it is as though she had known Millie for years. (《現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)用法詞典》)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞亦用過(guò)去時(shí)：
b)過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞而發(fā)生或完成，如：
It was as if he had lost his last friend.
"I remember," she tells her children now, "how wild his white hair looked——as if it had been electrified."
必須注意的時(shí)，在指過(guò)去的動(dòng)作時(shí)，即使主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，as if 從句中的動(dòng)詞也要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)：He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.
他講起羅馬的情況來(lái)就好像他親自到過(guò)那里似的。
c)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：
He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing.
I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet. 我感到大地仿佛在腳下滑動(dòng)。
d)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，表示將要發(fā)生的事態(tài)：
It looked as if it was going to snow.
(二)如果as if后面的從句所表示的情況時(shí)真實(shí)的或很可能時(shí)真實(shí)的，則動(dòng)詞可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣，在feel, look, seem smell, sound, taste之后尤其如此。試比較：F. T. Wood所著English Colloquial Idioms中的兩個(gè)例子：
He walks as if he is drunk.
He walks as if he were drunk.
第一句表示“他已經(jīng)醉了”，第2句則表示“他沒(méi)有醉”。又如：
It looks as if it is going to rain.
It looks as if were going to rain.
第一例意味著快要下雨了，第二例則意味著不會(huì)下雨。
(三)隨著語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展，as if后面的從句即使反映的不是事實(shí)，也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣而用陳述語(yǔ)氣，這主要出現(xiàn)在口語(yǔ)或不太正式的文體中。例如：
With the development of these new tools, it is as if man has
suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.
隨著這些新工具的發(fā)展，人好像突然間成為精神上的百萬(wàn)富翁似的。
(四)在非正式文體(尤其是美國(guó)英語(yǔ))中，可以用like做連詞代替as if 和as though。例如：
She started kissing me like we were on our honeymoon.
她開(kāi)始吻我，好像是在度蜜月似的。
(五)as if和as though從句中的省略
當(dāng)as if和as though從句的主語(yǔ)與主句一致時(shí)，該主語(yǔ)和后面的動(dòng)詞可以省略。于是便出現(xiàn)下面幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1)as if +不定式
He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply.
The bee checked its forward speed, circled and then drifted slowly
over the mirrorlike surface of the pool as if to admire its own
reflection. 蜜蜂放慢飛行速度，轉(zhuǎn)了幾圈兒，然后在清澈如鏡的水潭上空慢慢地飄過(guò)，似乎要欣賞它自己的倒影。
2) 不定式+形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)
Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life. 嘉莉覺(jué)得似乎無(wú)法再忍受這種生活了。
He lay still for a long while, as if dead.
3) as if +介詞短語(yǔ)
He looked about as if (he was) in search of something.
4) as if +現(xiàn)在分詞
Nevertheless, the bee kept exercising the wings slowly up and down,
as though assessing the damage.
然而，那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活動(dòng)著它地翅膀，仿佛在估量著所受的損害。
5) as if +名詞
He acts as if (he was) a fool.
6)as if +副詞
He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不經(jīng)心地說(shuō)了那句話。
《現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)慣用法詞典》上也有如下例句：
He looked as if he were ill.
He looks as if he had been ill.
我們?cè)谇懊嬉灿羞^(guò)類似的例句。下面在提供一些主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)而從句仍用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的例句：
A: We've been back at work now for three days. 我們回來(lái)上課到現(xiàn)在已三天了
B: I feel as if I had been back for three months. 我感到似乎已回來(lái)三個(gè)月了。
(比較：I have been back for three months.)
(六)as if和as though的功能
1)引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
2)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句
He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy
tales and had passed me like a spirit.
3)引導(dǎo)感嘆句，表示對(duì)某種建議、假定、想象等的反對(duì)：
As if I cared! 好像我很在乎似的!(相當(dāng)于：I don't care!)
He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character.
As if I ever should! 他告誡我不要同可疑的人來(lái)往，好像我真會(huì)那樣做似的!
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