2018年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試英漢翻譯練習(xí)題(8)

2018年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試英漢翻譯練習(xí)題(8)

1.Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required "union card" in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor's classroom duties.

即使是學(xué)術(shù)界被長(zhǎng)時(shí)間認(rèn)作必須“同盟卡”的博士學(xué)位，現(xiàn)在也因?yàn)閮H僅為了學(xué)習(xí)本身和知識(shí)的累積而學(xué)習(xí)，卻不把知識(shí)應(yīng)用到教授的教學(xué)職責(zé)中去而受到了嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)。

2.While a selection of necessary details is involved in both, the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts, while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.

盡管收集必要的信息對(duì)于兩者來(lái)說(shuō)都是需要的，但官員必須以中立和清晰的態(tài)度來(lái)提供事實(shí)的畫(huà)面，而藝術(shù)家從已設(shè)字的信息或者態(tài)度開(kāi)始，并將其過(guò)用激發(fā)讀者共鳴和情緒反應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ)描寫(xiě)的動(dòng)用細(xì)節(jié)描述出來(lái)。

3.Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production (GNP) because it is not such a complete index of welfare, ignoring, on the one hand, that it was never intended to be, and suggesting, on the other, that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.

流行期刊中甚至有文章批評(píng)國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值，因?yàn)樗⒉皇且粋€(gè)福利目錄，一方面忽視了它從來(lái)就沒(méi)有這種傾向，另一方面的建議是通過(guò)正確的改變它才能被轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)來(lái)。

4.Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneuaral correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.

其他的實(shí)驗(yàn)揭示神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的大小、數(shù)量、排列和連接的細(xì)微變化，但就神經(jīng)關(guān)聯(lián)而言，這些感覺(jué)區(qū)域的相似性比那些細(xì)微的區(qū)別更有意義可言。

5.The Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and other rural residents instructing them in what to watch for their animals so that every household can join in helping to predict earthquakes.

中國(guó)向農(nóng)民和其它農(nóng)村住戶發(fā)放了宣傳刊物，指導(dǎo)他們觀察動(dòng)物，以便每戶人家都能參與幫助地震預(yù)報(bào)。

6.Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack, but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening.

星球大戰(zhàn)防御系統(tǒng)的支持者們希望它不僅能保護(hù)一個(gè)遭受核攻擊的國(guó)家，也希望它能成為使核攻擊永不發(fā)生的足夠威脅。

7.Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers, whose flights are within the Earth's atmosphere, from hitting their targets.

它也不能防止軌道在地球大氣層以內(nèi)的洲際導(dǎo)彈和轟炸機(jī)命中目標(biāo)。

8.Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.

人民活動(dòng)家一直認(rèn)為黑人和拉丁美人難以在生意上立足的原因是因?yàn)樗麄冸y以取得大公司的大宗定單和分包合同。

9.During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the "useful" child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the "useless" child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to its parents, is yet considered emotionally "priceless".

她認(rèn)為十九世紀(jì)給家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)作出貢獻(xiàn)的孩子才“有用”的概念慢慢改變了，今天提到那些沒(méi)有掙取收入的“無(wú)用”孩子，甚至還要花銷很多，仍然在情感上被認(rèn)為是無(wú)價(jià)的。

10.In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big family system. This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society. Chinese children follow their father's family name. This is the same as western culture. Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either father’s family name or mother's family name. Within each family system, of course people except those who joined this family system through marriage all have the same family name.

在傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)家庭文化中，同一祖先的幾代后裔(descendants)居住在一起，形成一個(gè)大家庭。這種自治(autonomous) 家族制度是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的基本單位。中國(guó)的孩子們跟隨他們父親的姓。這和西方文化是一樣的。如今在中國(guó)，孩子跟父親的姓或母親的姓在法律上都是合法的。除了那些因?yàn)榻Y(jié)婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人們的姓氏都是一樣的。