2019年學(xué)位英語考試詞匯語法基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)及答案十

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2019年學(xué)位英語考試詞匯語法基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)及答案十

1.There was a certain old man in the village _____ none of us liked.

A. who

B. whom

C. him

D. that

[答案]B。

[考點(diǎn)]定語從句。本句中的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，故用賓格whom。

[譯文]在村子里有那么一個老頭，我們誰都不喜歡他。

2.In the New World as in Europe, each region developed its own _____ pattern of culture.

A. distant

B. distinct

C. distinctive

D. dismissed

[答案]C.

[考點(diǎn)]形容詞辨析。distinct“清楚的，清晰的;明顯的，明確的;(～ from)種類不同的，分開的”;distinctive“特別的，有特色的”。

[譯文]在新世界如同在歐洲一樣，每一地區(qū)都形成了其自身的獨(dú)具特色的文化模式。

3.Faced with rapid inflation and _____ international and home markets, many firms have declared bankrupt.

A. lessening

B. shortening

C. shrinking

D. withdrawing

C)。考查近義動詞的語義辨析。各選項(xiàng)的意思及用法分別是：選項(xiàng)A) lessening減少，減輕，側(cè)重指程度、重要性等的減輕。如：The defeat lessened our chances of winning the championship. 此次失敗使我們奪冠的希望變得更加渺茫。lessen the burden of減輕負(fù)擔(dān);選項(xiàng)B) shortening縮短，變短，如The days are beginning to shorten. 天開始變短了。shorten the gap between縮小……之間的差距;選項(xiàng)C) shrinking使收縮，縮小，減少，側(cè)重指尺寸、大小等的變小。如：The number of students attending the lecture has shrunk. 聽講座的學(xué)生人數(shù)減少了。Will this soap shrink woolen clothes? 這種肥皂會使羊毛衣服縮水嗎?選項(xiàng)D) withdrawing收回，撤退，撤銷，如：After awhile, he withdrew his proposal. 過了一會兒，他撤回了他的提議。根據(jù)題意可判斷出選項(xiàng)C)應(yīng)為正確答案。全句意思是“面對通貨膨脹和日益縮小的國際國內(nèi)市場，許多公司都已宜布破產(chǎn)”。

4.We'd better eliminate junk foods from our kitchen and keep a variety of high-quality foods _____ at all times.

A. available

B. desirable

C. enormous

D. numerous

A)?？疾樾稳菰~語義環(huán)境。四個選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：選項(xiàng)A)available現(xiàn)成可使用的，在手邊的，可利用的;選項(xiàng)B)desirable稱心如意的，值得有的，如I envy Jane because her job is so desirable. 我很羨慕簡，因?yàn)樗幸环莺芊Q心的工作。選項(xiàng)C)enormous巨大的，極大的，龐大的;選項(xiàng)D)numerous許多的，很多的，如：This is a conclusion he has drawn from numerous facts. 這是他從很多事實(shí)當(dāng)中得出的結(jié)論。根據(jù)題干可判斷出選項(xiàng)A)應(yīng)為正確答案。全句的意思為“我們應(yīng)清除廚房里的垃圾食品，而使各種高質(zhì)量的食物隨手可及”。

5.The purpose of your resume is to _____ enough interest in you to have an employer contact you for an interview.

A. assemble

B. generate

C. yield

D. gather

B)?？疾閯釉~的語義辨析。各選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：選項(xiàng)A)assemble意為“集合，聚集，召集;裝配”，如：The whole school assembled in the main hall. 全校學(xué)生在大禮堂集合。Before you assemble the model plane, read the instructions. 在你組裝模型飛機(jī)前，先讀說明書。選項(xiàng)B)generate意為“生成，產(chǎn)生(光、熱、電等);引起(興趣等)”，如：News of the Queen's visit is generating a lot of excitement. 女皇來訪的消息使大家感到非常興奮。選項(xiàng)C)yield意為“生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生(利潤、回報等);投降，屈服”，如：His business yields big profits. 他的生意利潤豐厚。選項(xiàng)D)gather意為“聚集，集合;收集，采集”，如：Many people gathered in the town square. 很多人聚集在市政廣場。該題需注意選項(xiàng)B)和選項(xiàng)C)在搭配上的區(qū)別。根據(jù)題意，選項(xiàng)B)應(yīng)為正確答案。全句意思為是“簡歷就是要充分引起雇主對你的興趣，并達(dá)到進(jìn)一步聯(lián)系面試的目的”。

6.Some concepts may be difficult to grasp chiefly because they may be unfamiliar or _____ ideas, opinions which we already hold.

A. in accordance with

B. in conflict with

C. in favor of

D. in response to

B)。考查介詞短語的語義。四個選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：選項(xiàng)A)in accordance with依照，根據(jù);選項(xiàng)B)in conflict with與……相沖突;選項(xiàng)C)in favor of支持，贊同;選項(xiàng)D)in response to作為對……的反應(yīng)。根據(jù)題意可判斷出選項(xiàng)B)為正確答案。全句的意思為“一些觀念很難讓人領(lǐng)會主要是因?yàn)槲覀儗ζ洳皇煜せ蛘呤且驗(yàn)榕c我們原有的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾”。

7.The city government has determined to get _____ with people who try to escape paying taxes.

A. rough

B. tough

C. rigid

D. bold

B)。考查形容詞語義及搭配。能與介詞with搭配的只有選項(xiàng)B)tough，get tough with/on sb.意為“對……采取堅決態(tài)度;對……采用強(qiáng)硬手段”。其余選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：選項(xiàng)A)rough意為“粗糙的;粗野的，粗暴的;粗略的，大致的”;選項(xiàng)C)rigid(行為觀點(diǎn)等)嚴(yán)格的，死板的，不易改變的;選項(xiàng)D)bold意為“勇敢的，無畏的;冒失的，魯莽的”。全句的意思是“政府部門決心采取強(qiáng)硬手段來懲治偷稅人員”。

8.Last night he saw two dark _____ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.

A)features

B)figures

C)sketches

D)images

[答案] B

[譯文] 昨天晚上他看見兩個黑影進(jìn)了大樓，然后就發(fā)生了爆炸。

[解析] Feature 表示“特征，特點(diǎn)”;sketch的意思是“素描，梗概，草圖”;image表示“形象”;而figure表示“外形，輪廓，體型”，符合上下文。

9.He never arrives on time and my _____ is that he feels the meetings are useless.

A)preference

B)conference

C)inference

D)reference

[答案] C

[譯文] 他從沒有準(zhǔn)時到會，所以我的判斷是他認(rèn)為會議沒有用。

[解析] 本題的四個選項(xiàng)都有"ence"的后綴把一個動詞變?yōu)槊~，所以我們只要背了它們的動詞詞根的意思，這四個詞的意思就容易找出來了。Preference表示“喜歡，喜好”;conference的意思是“會議，大會”;reference表示“參考，指出”;而inference表示“推斷，推論”，符合題義。

10.Mrs. Smith was so _____ about everything that no servants could please her.

A)specific

B)special

C)precise

D)particular

[答案] D

[譯文] Smith夫人對于所有事情都很挑剔，所以沒有一個仆人能讓她高興。

[解析] Be particular about sth.表示“對……挑剔，吹毛求疵”。

11.Mr. Washington has been away from home for a long time. He is looking forward to _____ his wife.

A. hear from

B. hearing from

C. hear of

D. hearing of

參考答案：B

詳解：

【譯文】華盛頓先生離家很久了。他盼望著收到妻子的信。

【注釋】look forward to后面要求跟動詞-ing形式。要求跟-ing形式的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：feel like, can't help, it's no use, have trouble, there's no等。

12.He preferred that nothing _____ be said about his generous gifts.

A. to

B. would

C. must

D. should

參考答案：D

詳解：

【譯文】他更喜歡對他的厚禮什么也別說。

【注釋】prefer的賓語從句謂語需用虛擬語氣should，也可用動詞原形，但不用過去時或過去完成時。

13.The great use of a school education is _____ to teach you things _____ teach you the art of learning.

A. as much…as

B. much as…as

C. not so much…as to

D. much more…as

參考答案：C

詳解：

【譯文】學(xué)校教育的作用與其說是教給你知識不如說是教給你學(xué)習(xí)的方法。

【注釋】not so much... as...“與其說……不如說……”。注意as前后的兩個成分必須對等，可以是名詞、不定式或介詞短語，如His success is not so much by talent as by energy.

14.Whenever we visited them, they _____ television.

A. have watched

B. watch

C. are watching

D. were watching

Best Answer: D

詳解：【譯文】不管我們什么時候去拜訪他們，他們總是在看電視。【注釋】本題測試的是過去進(jìn)行時，表示在過去某個時刻正在發(fā)生的事件，本題的時間狀語從句就表達(dá)了這樣一個具體時刻。

15.We drive our car fast and soon _____ other cars on the road.

A. oversee

B. overtake

C. overrun

D. override

Best Answer: B

詳解：【譯文】我們開得很快，一會兒就超越了公路上的其他汽車。【注釋】overtake“追上，趕上，超過”。oversee“俯瞰;監(jiān)督，監(jiān)視”。overrun“溢出;(侵略軍)橫行于”。override“奔越過，踐踏過;制服，壓倒”。

16.The epidemic(流行病)was made worse when top leaders tried to hide the _____ of the disaster and present its impact as slight.

A. scale

B. rank

C. range

D. Having spoken of

答案：A)?？疾槊~的語義辨析。根據(jù)句意可判斷這兒應(yīng)填入表示“范圍，程度”意思的詞，由此可排除選項(xiàng)B)rank(職銜;地位，社會階層)和選項(xiàng)D)limit(限度，限制)。選項(xiàng)C)range表示“變動范圍，變化幅度”，如：The speech covered a wide range of topics.這次演講涵蓋了一系列話題。The subject is outside my range.這個題目超出我所學(xué)范圍。顯然選項(xiàng)C)不符合句意。選項(xiàng)A) scale規(guī)模，程度，大小，如：They are preparing for war on：large scale.他們正在為戰(zhàn)爭做大規(guī)模的準(zhǔn)備。從原文來看，選項(xiàng)A)scale符合題意。全句的意思是“當(dāng)上層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)試圖掩蓋流行病的規(guī)模并輕視其影響時災(zāi)難變得更加嚴(yán)重了”。

17.Since the issue was extremely _____, we dealt with it immediately.

A. resistant

B. intense

C. urgent

D. instant

答案：C)。考查形容詞語義。各選項(xiàng)的意思是：選項(xiàng)A)resistant抵制的，抵抗的;選項(xiàng)B)intense強(qiáng)烈的，劇烈的;選項(xiàng)C)urgent緊急的，緊要的;選項(xiàng)D) instant立即的，即刻的。根據(jù)題意可判斷選項(xiàng)C)應(yīng)為正確答案。全句的意思為“由于問題極其緊急，我們立刻進(jìn)行了處理”。

18.The government has planned to _____ new industries in areas of high unemployment.

A. concentrate

B. focus

C. center

D. direct

答案：A)?？疾橐谆靹釉~的語義及搭配用法。除透項(xiàng)D)direct(把……對準(zhǔn)，針對)以外，其余均表示“集中”的意思，均可和介詞on搭配。除常規(guī)意思外，這三個單詞還有一些特殊意義。選項(xiàng)A)concentrate聚集，集結(jié)，如：Birds concentrate in places where food is abundant.鳥類聚集在食物豐富的地方。選項(xiàng)B)focus聚集;聚焦于，如：All the eyes are focused on him.所有的眼睛都注視著他。選項(xiàng)C)renter集中于，如：His interests are centered around his family.他關(guān)心的事情全離不開他的家庭。根據(jù)題意可知選項(xiàng)A)為正確答案。全句的意思為“政府已計劃把新的工業(yè)集中建在高失業(yè)率區(qū)”。

19.Your advice would be _____ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end.

A. exceedingly

B. excessively

C. extensively

D. exclusively

答案：A)?？疾楦痹~語義。各選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：選項(xiàng)A)exceedingly非常地，十分地;選項(xiàng)B)excessively過分地，過多地;選項(xiàng)C)extensively廣闊地，廣大地，廣泛地;選項(xiàng)D)exclusively獨(dú)有地，獨(dú)享地;排斥地。根據(jù)題意，不難判斷出選項(xiàng)A)應(yīng)為正確答案。全句意思是“你的建議對他將非常有價值，他現(xiàn)在已智窮計盡”。

20.As is known to all, color-blind people often find it difficult to _____ between red and green.

A. separate

B. isolate

C. contrast

D. distinguish

答案：D)?？疾榻x動詞的語義及搭配用法。各選項(xiàng)的意思及用法是：選項(xiàng)A)separate使分開，區(qū)分，區(qū)別，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是"separate A from B"。如：separate cause from effect區(qū)分因果關(guān)系;選項(xiàng)B)isolate使隔離，使孤立，常用于isolate…from結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Several towns have been isolated from the outside world by the flood.有好幾個城鎮(zhèn)因洪水與外界隔絕了。選項(xiàng)C)contrast對比，對照，常用于"contrast A with B"結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：contrast Europe with America將歐美兩洲做一番比較;選項(xiàng)D)distinguish區(qū)分，辨別，常用于"distinguish A from B/distinguish between A and B"結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：distinguish between right and wrong/distinguish right from wrong明辨是非。根據(jù)題干中的介詞及句意，可判斷出選項(xiàng)D)應(yīng)為正確答案。全句意思為“眾所周知，色盲的人很難區(qū)分紅色與綠色”。

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