成人學(xué)位英語考試重點短語十四
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成人學(xué)位英語考試重點短語十四
as though 似乎、好像
【例句】He behaved as though nothing had happened. 他裝作若無其事的樣子。
【總結(jié)】as if/as though的用法
as if 與as though 是一組同義詞，兩者意思相同，用法也相同，只是在口語中人們多半會用as if, 取其簡短。as if和as though用法較為復(fù)雜，
(一)在通常情況下，as if 和as though所引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞多用虛擬語氣，表示所敘述的情況與事實相反。具體用法如下：
1)談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在情形的，用過去時(動詞be用were,也可用was)：
Why is she looking at me as though she knew me? 他為什么那樣看我?像是認(rèn)識我似的。
He behaves as if he owned the house. 他的樣子好像他擁有這個房子。
It's not as though he was /were poor.
2)談?wù)撨^去情形的動詞形式有以下幾種：
a)過去式，表示過去的狀態(tài)，如：
He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as if to miss a train was the best joke in the world.
他站在那里，望著火車哈哈大笑，好像誤了火車是天底下最開心的事兒似的。
Mr. Coleman always talked as if he knew everything.
但是，如果狀態(tài)動詞帶有持續(xù)時間狀語，則用過去完成時：
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
(試比較：They had been friends for years.)
Now it is as though she had known Millie for years. (《現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典》)
情態(tài)動詞亦用過去時：
b)過去完成時，表示過去的動作先于主句動詞而發(fā)生或完成，如：
It was as if he had lost his last friend.
"I remember," she tells her children now, "how wild his white hair looked——as if it had been electrified."
必須注意的時，在指過去的動作時，即使主句是現(xiàn)在時，as if 從句中的動詞也要用過去完成時：He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.
他講起羅馬的情況來就好像他親自到過那里似的。
c)過去進(jìn)行時，表示動作正在進(jìn)行：
He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing.
I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet. 我感到大地仿佛在腳下滑動。
d)過去將來時，表示將要發(fā)生的事態(tài)：
It looked as if it was going to snow.
(二)如果as if后面的從句所表示的情況時真實的或很可能時真實的，則動詞可以用陳述語氣，在feel, look, seem smell, sound, taste之后尤其如此。試比較：F. T. Wood所著English Colloquial Idioms中的兩個例子：
He walks as if he is drunk.
He walks as if he were drunk.
第一句表示“他已經(jīng)醉了”，第2句則表示“他沒有醉”。又如：
It looks as if it is going to rain.
It looks as if were going to rain.
第一例意味著快要下雨了，第二例則意味著不會下雨。
(三)隨著語言的發(fā)展，as if后面的從句即使反映的不是事實，也可以不用虛擬語氣而用陳述語氣，這主要出現(xiàn)在口語或不太正式的文體中。例如：
With the development of these new tools, it is as if man has
suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.
隨著這些新工具的發(fā)展，人好像突然間成為精神上的百萬富翁似的。
(四)在非正式文體(尤其是美國英語)中，可以用like做連詞代替as if 和as though。例如：
She started kissing me like we were on our honeymoon.
她開始吻我，好像是在度蜜月似的。
(五)as if和as though從句中的省略
當(dāng)as if和as though從句的主語與主句一致時，該主語和后面的動詞可以省略。于是便出現(xiàn)下面幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1)as if +不定式
He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply.
The bee checked its forward speed, circled and then drifted slowly
over the mirrorlike surface of the pool as if to admire its own
reflection. 蜜蜂放慢飛行速度，轉(zhuǎn)了幾圈兒，然后在清澈如鏡的水潭上空慢慢地飄過，似乎要欣賞它自己的倒影。
2) 不定式+形容詞或形容詞短語
Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life. 嘉莉覺得似乎無法再忍受這種生活了。
He lay still for a long while, as if dead.
3) as if +介詞短語
He looked about as if (he was) in search of something.
4) as if +現(xiàn)在分詞
Nevertheless, the bee kept exercising the wings slowly up and down,
as though assessing the damage.
然而，那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活動著它地翅膀，仿佛在估量著所受的損害。
5) as if +名詞
He acts as if (he was) a fool.
6)as if +副詞
He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不經(jīng)心地說了那句話。
《現(xiàn)代英語慣用法詞典》上也有如下例句：
He looked as if he were ill.
He looks as if he had been ill.
我們在前面也有過類似的例句。下面在提供一些主句用現(xiàn)在時而從句仍用過去完成時的例句：
A: We've been back at work now for three days. 我們回來上課到現(xiàn)在已三天了
B: I feel as if I had been back for three months. 我感到似乎已回來三個月了。
(比較：I have been back for three months.)
(六)as if和as though的功能
1)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
2)引導(dǎo)表語從句
He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy
tales and had passed me like a spirit.
3)引導(dǎo)感嘆句，表示對某種建議、假定、想象等的反對：
As if I cared! 好像我很在乎似的!(相當(dāng)于：I don't care!)
He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character.
As if I ever should! 他告誡我不要同可疑的人來往，好像我真會那樣做似的!
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