2020年成人英語三級考試語法輔導之it 與there be的用法
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2020年成人英語三級考試語法輔導之it 與there be的用法
I.要點
1、it的用法
(1)用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的無生命的事物，動植物、嬰兒及指示代詞this, that，如，
I have a new pen. It is beautiful.
The Browns have a new baby. It's cute.
(2)用來表示時間、天氣、距離等，如，It's twelve o'clock now.
It's fine today.
(3)用作引導詞，代替由不定式，ing形式或從句表示的真正的主語或賓語，如，
It's no good telling him that.
It's necessary for you to do so.
(4)用在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，構(gòu)成強調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強調(diào)部分+that/who/whom +句子其余部分，可強調(diào)除謂語以外的句子其他成分，如，
It was this morning that I saw him in the street.
It was I who saw him in the street this morning.
It was in the street that I saw him this morning.
It was him whom I saw in the street this morning.
2、there be句型
英語表示某時某處或某物時，常用there be句型，這是一種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如，
There are a lot of students playing on the ground.
There is going to be a test this afternoon.
當主語有兩個或兩個以上時，動詞be常和最近的那個主語取得一致，如，
There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box.
There isn't a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room.
There are lots of people like it, aren't there?
there be句型，謂語動詞除be之外，還可用其他表示存在，位置移動等意義的不及物動詞或詞組，如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等，如，
There stands a house at the foot of the hill.
there be句型表示"存在"而have表"有"、"擁有"，所以there be中 be不能換成have，但當have表示事物的特征時，可用"主語+have"結(jié)構(gòu)替換there be 句型，如：
There are five doors in the house.
The house has five doors.
there be 的其它句型：
1、There must be a meeting in the office.
2、There have been great changes since 1979.
3、There being no bus, we had to walk home.
I. 例題
例1 ____ that he went to sleep.
A It was until midnight B That was until midnight
C It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight
解析：該題答案為C。強調(diào)until結(jié)構(gòu)時，要將否定詞not移到until前。又如：He didn't leave until twelve 改為It was not until twelve that he left.
例2 There are a lot of students ____ in the class room.
A talk B talking C talked D to talk
解析：該題正確答案為B。 There be句型為倒裝句，可換為A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如：There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.
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