職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類語法輔導(dǎo)：名詞的數(shù)與一致性

　　1. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時與謂語的一致關(guān)系

　　a) 由and連接兩個名詞或者代詞作主語時A and B分為以下四種情況：i. A、B表示不同的人、物或者觀念的時候，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Both the parents and the children are here. ii. A、B表示同一個人、物或者觀念的時候，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat. The turner and fitter is under twenty-five. iii. And連接幾個單數(shù)主語，主語由each、 every、 no、 many a等詞修飾的時候，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)Each boy and each girl is invited. Every boy and girl is invited. No boy and no girl is there now. iv. A、B為兩個不可分的東西時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. Bread and butter is nutritious.

　　b) 由or， not only… but also …， either… or …， neither… nor …連接主語時，謂語的人稱和數(shù)與靠近的主語一致 (注意，敘述句和疑問句隨語序不同而不同)

　　Either you or I am mad. Neither you nor he is naughty. Not only the farmer but also his family were friendly to me.

　　c) 當(dāng)主語后跟有with， along with， together with， besides， except， like，including， as well as， rather than等詞的時候，謂語動詞不受詞組的影響，僅和主語保持一致All but one were here just now. A library with five thousand books is offered to nation as a gift.

　　2. 單一主語的情況

　　a) 以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時，例如physics， maths， economics， news， means，works， 等一般在謂語動詞中用單數(shù)形式， 當(dāng)然，若表示復(fù)數(shù)的意思則另當(dāng)別論P(yáng)hysics is very important. Every means has been tried.

　　b) 表示雙部分工具的名稱，衣服名稱等作主語時，例如trousers/pants， shoes，glasses， scissors， goods， clothers等，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果這些詞由Pair(suit，piece， series，kind)+ of修飾的時候，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)

　　My trousers are white and his clothes are black. A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.

　　但是在these/those pairs (…) of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.

　　3. 動名詞，不定式，從句作主語的時候，謂語動詞一般要用單數(shù)

　　To see is to believe. Swimming is a good way to keep health. Who is her father is not known.

　　4. 集體名詞作主語時

　　a) mankind/humanity/man(人類)作主語的時候，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式Only man is knows how to cook. b) 由people， police， cattle， youth等集體名詞作主語的時候，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式The cattle are grazing in the field. c) Family， croud， class， public， enemy等集體名詞作主語的時候i. 若當(dāng)整體看，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Our class is very diligent. ii. 若他們表示的人或者事物當(dāng)作若干個個體來看，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式When I came into the room， his family were watching TV. iii. A family/group/class作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)families/groups/classes作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)A group is coming to the zoo.

　　5. 其他情況

　　a) 主語為表示距離、時間、長度、價值、金額、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞的時候，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式3 kilometers is not very far. Three times three makes nine.

　　b) one， every/each one， each， anyone， either， neither + of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，因為of之后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞不是主語而是介詞of的賓語，of前面的one， every one … 才是主語Neither of them is right. Each of them has a slide.

　　c) none of + 不可數(shù)名詞――謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式none of + 可數(shù)名詞　――謂語動詞單復(fù)均可None of that money in the desk is his. None of his classmates knows the truth.

　　d) 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 詞組分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of +詞組作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于of后的名詞或者代詞的數(shù);若名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，若名詞或代詞是單數(shù)，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)Three-thirds of the surface of the earth is sea. Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day.

　　e) more than one +(單數(shù)名詞)+單數(shù)動詞more than two +(復(fù)數(shù)名詞)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞More than one white rose has bloomed. More than two white roses have bloomed.

　　f) a (great) number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ――用復(fù)數(shù)動詞the number of + 任何名詞 ―― 用單數(shù)動詞A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall. The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.

　　g) the + 形容詞，表示一類人 ――謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)the + 形容詞，表示一類物 ――謂語動詞用單數(shù)The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it. The beauty is here.

　　h) every， any， some， no 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞everyone， everybody， everything anyone， anybody， anything　這些復(fù)合詞作主語的時候，謂語動詞用單someone， somebody， something　　　　 數(shù)形式no one， nobody， nothing Everyone in the class was surprised at the news. Listen， someone is knocking at the door.