職稱英語考試閱讀細(xì)節(jié)問題的尋找技巧

　　在文章中，作者有時(shí)通過許多具體內(nèi)容來說明、解釋、證明或分析文章的主題思想。在閱讀全文、了解文章主題思想的基礎(chǔ)上，讀者還應(yīng)抓住闡述主題思想的主要事實(shí)，或者是按要求找出特定細(xì)節(jié)，這是通過閱讀獲取信息的一種重要能力。

　　在通讀全文的過程中，我們要特別注意涉及who, what, when, where和why的問題，這些問題都是可以找到回答的。但需要注意，這些問題的表述往往不是采用原文的語句進(jìn)行提問。因此，在回答此類問題的時(shí)候，首先要審清題目，知道問題提問的是什么，然后根據(jù)所涉及的問題，找出問題在文章中的位置，找到與答題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞或短語，再細(xì)讀一兩遍，在確定理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上確定正確答案。

　　在找關(guān)鍵詞或短語時(shí)，找到之后可以在下面劃線，以引起注意，便于記憶和復(fù)查。此外，如果回答此類問題需要讀者具備一定的背景知識(shí)，那也只是最基本的常識(shí)。因此，注意不要脫離文章內(nèi)容而根據(jù)自己的想象或其他來源的知識(shí)選擇答案。

　　在回答此類問題時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)問題：一、當(dāng)問及時(shí)間、距離以及其他用數(shù)字表示的細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)，有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行計(jì)算才能得出答案。此時(shí)要把計(jì)算過程簡單列出，不可隨意心算一下就確定答案。

　　例一：Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question

　　The Flag of the U.S. ― The Stars and Stripes

　　The history of the flag of the U. S. has become so cluttered by myth that hardly any facts can be established. One thing all agree on is that the Stars and Stripes originated as the result of a resolution adopted by Congress June 14, 1777. It read:Resolved: that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes,alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation. 中華考試網(wǎng)(www.Examw。com)

　　The flag of 1777 was used until 1795. Then, on the admission of Vermont and Kentucky to the Union, Congress passed an act that after May 1, 1795, the flag should have 15 stripes and 15 stars.

　　When new states were admitted it became evident that the flag would become burdened with stripes. Congress thereupon ordered that after July 4, 1818, the flag should have 13 stripes, symbolizing the 13 original states; that the union have 20 stars, and that whenever a new state was admitted a new star should be added on the July 4 following the admission.

　　The 50 ― star flag of the United States was raised for the first time officially on July 4, 1960, at Fort McHenry in Baltimore. The 50th star had been added for Hawaii, a year earlier the 49th, for Alaska. Before that, no star had been added since 1912, when New Mexico and Arizona were admitted to the Union.

　　1) Since 1777, the U.S. flag has changed its design ___________ .(A) twice

　　(B) 3 times

　　(C) 5 times

　　(D) more than 5 times

　　2) In 1912, before July 4, the U. S. flag had ___________ .

　　(A) 15 stars

　　(B) 20 stars(

　　C) 46 stars

　　(D) 48 stars

　　3) The 49th and 50th states to join the U.S.A. were, in their correct order, ___________ .

　　(A) Alaska and Hawaii

　　(B) Hawaii and Alaska

　　(C) New Mexico and Arizona

　　(D) Arizona and New Mexico

　　4) Congress decided in 1818 that the U.S. flag should have 13 stripes because ___________ .

　　(A) since 1777 it had always had 13 stripes

　　(B) since 1777 it had always had more than 13 stripes. 外語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

　　(C) In 1818 there were only 13 states in the Union of the U.S.A.(D) At the founding of the Union of the U.S.A. there had been only 13 states.

　　問題(1)要求回答美國國旗圖案自1777年以來變化了幾次?；卮疬@樣的題目須把文中所有提及1777年以來美國國旗變更次數(shù)的關(guān)鍵詞語劃出：1795;July 4, 1818; since 1912; a year earlier the 49th; July 4, 1960文中似乎只提及5處，但是文內(nèi)又提到1818年時(shí)為20顆星，以后每加入一個(gè)州增加一顆星，從文中又可看出1912年增加的是第47和48顆星。從第20顆星到47顆星之間必然還有若干次變動(dòng)，因此答案應(yīng)為(D)，即：變動(dòng)次數(shù)為5次以上。

　　問題(2)提問的是1912年7月4日以前的情況。由于新墨西哥和亞里桑那于1912年7月4日加入聯(lián)邦，國旗上星的數(shù)目增至48顆。因此，1912年7月4日以前國旗上的星數(shù)應(yīng)為46顆。正確答案為(C)。

　　問題(3)的答案為(A)。其根據(jù)為The 50th star had been added for Hawaii, a year earlier the 49th, for Alaska.

　　問題(4)的答案為(D)，其根據(jù)是symbolizing the 13 original states

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