2014年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ怋級(jí)模擬題:閱讀理解

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　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　第一篇

　　Powering a City? It’s a Breeze.

　　The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries ― a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips ― yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines.

　　Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the “urban turbine” is a high-tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftops of busy cities. Lighter, quieter, and often more efficient than rural counterparts, they take advantage of the extreme turbulence and rapid shifts in direction that characterize urban wind patterns.

　　Prototypes have been successfully tested in several Dutch cities, and the city government in the Hague has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US $8, 000 to US $12, 000 and can generate between 3, 000 and 7, 000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. A typical Dutch household uses 3,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10, 000 kilowatt hours.

　　But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercial buildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weigh roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a roof in a few hours without using a crane.

　　Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but the ever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. The Netherlands, with 16 million people crowded into a country twice the size of Slovenia, is the most densely populated in Europe.

　　Problems remain, however, for example, public safety concerns, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturer. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbine. People don’t know what it would be like to work there, in an office next to one of the big turbines. It might be too hectic.

　　Meanwhile, projects are under way to use minimills to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. “I think the thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations,” said Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. “It’s a very local technology, and you can use it right in your backyard, I don’t think anybody wants a nuclear power plant in their backyard.”

　　31. What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph?

　　A. The flat landscape.

　　B. Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.

　　C. Metal-pole turbines.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　32. Which statement best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph?

　　A. It is a windmill put on rooftops of buildings for energy generation.

　　B. It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.

　　C. It is light and quiet and therefore more efficient.

　　D. It is driven by urban wind.

　　33. The smallest models of an urban turbine

　　A. is designed for private homes.

　　B. weighs 2,000 kilograms.

　　C. can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane.

　　D. can he installed with a crane.

　　34. Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because

　　A. the Dutch are natural pioneers.

　　B. the Dutch have a tradition with windmills.

　　C. the Netherlands is windier than Germany, Finland and Slovenia.

　　D. the Netherlands is a small country with a large population.

　　35. According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology?

　　A. It can be used for different purposes.

　　B. It can replace nuclear power plant.

　　C. It can be installed in one’s backyard.

　　D. Both A and C.

　　第二篇

　　Explorer of the Extreme Deep

　　Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been unexplored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6, 500 meters (21, 320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible (能潛水的) or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which bas an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4, 500 meters (14, 784 feet). It’s about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say.

　　Alvin was launched (發(fā)動(dòng)) in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist (地質(zhì)學(xué)者) and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime，Alvin has carried some 12, 000 people on a total of more than 3, 000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,” Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors，special arrangements.”

　　Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It’ll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere，about 8 feet wide，like Alvin，it’ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable (機(jī)動(dòng)的). In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.

　　Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.

　　36. What is Alvin?

　　A. A research institute.

　　B. A transporting vehicle.

　　C. A submersible.

　　D. A scientist.

　　37. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?

　　A. It can carry explorers as deep as 6, 500 meters.

　　B. It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions.

　　C. It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.

　　D. It has been used for more than 40 years.

　　38. “... a world that is still full of mysteries” refers to

　　A. the earth.

　　B. out space.

　　C. the ocean.

　　D. Mars.

　　39. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?

　　A. Size.

　　B. Speed.

　　C. Capacity.

　　D. Shape.

　　40. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?

　　A. Offering better views.

　　B. Speed.

　　C. Size.

　　D. Both A and B.

　　第三篇

　　Winged Robot Learns to Fly

　　Learning how to fly took nature millions of years of trial and error ―but a winged robot has cracked it in only a few hours, using the same evolutionary principles.

　　Krister Wolff and Peter Nordin of Chalmers University of Technology (CUT) in Gothenburg , Sweden, built a winged robot and set about testing whether it could learn to fly by itself, without any pre-programmed data on what flapping is or how to do it.

　　To begin with, the robot just twitched and jerked erratically. But, gradually, it made movements that gained height. At first, it cheated―simply standing on its wing tips was one early short cut. After three hours, however, the robot abandoned such methods in favor of a more effective flapping technique where it rotated its wings through 90 degrees and raised them before twisting them back to the horizontal and pushing down.

　　“This tells us that this kind of evolution is capable of coming up with flying motion,” says Peter Bentley, who works on evolutionary computing at University College London. But while the robot had worked out how best to produce lift, it was not about to take off. “There’s only so much that evolution can do,” Bentley says. “This thing is never going to fly because the motors will never have the strength to do it,” he says.

　　The robot had metre-long wings made from balsa wood and covered with a light plastic film. Small motors on the robot let it move its wings forwards or backwards. up or down or twist them in either direction.

　　The team attached the robot to two vertical rods, so it could slide up and down. At the start of a test, the robot was suspended by an elastic band. A movement detector measured how much lift, if any, the robot produced for any given movement. A computer program fed the robot random instructions, at the rate of 20 per second, to test its flapping abilities. Each instruction told the robot either to do nothing or to move the wings slightly in the various directions.

　　Feedback from the movement detector let the program work out which sets of instructions were best at producing lift. The most successful ones were paired up and “offspring” sets of instructions were generated by swapping instructions randomly between successful pairs. These next-generation instructions were then sent to the robot and evaluated before breeding a new generation, and the process was repeated.

　　41. Which of the following is NOT true of what is mentioned about the winged robot in the second paragraph?

　　A. The two professors of CUT built the winged robot

　　B. The two professors of CUT tested whether the winged robot could learn to fly.

　　C. The two professors of CUT programmed the data on how the robot flapped its wings.

　　D. The two professors of CUT tried to find out if the robot could fly by itself.

　　42. How did the robot behave at the beginning of the test?

　　A. It rotated its wings through 90 degrees.

　　B. It twitched but gradually gained height.

　　C. It was twitched and broke down.

　　D. It landed not long after the test.

　　43. Which of the following is nearest to Peter Bentley’s view on the winged robot?

　　A. The winged robot could never really fly.

　　B. The winged robot did not have a motor.

　　C. The winged robot should go through further evolution before it could fly.

　　D. The robot could fly if it were lighter.

　　44. What measured how much lift the robot produced?

　　A. Two vertical rods.

　　B. A movement detector.

　　C. An elastic band.

　　D. Both B and C.

　　45. What does “the process” appearing in the last paragraph refer to?

　　A. Pairing up successful inst ructions.

　　B. Sending instructions to the robot.

　　C. Generating new sets of instructions for evaluation.

　　D. All the above.

　　參考答案：

　　31-35 BBCDD

　　36-40 CACDD

　　41-45 CBABD