2014年職稱英語(理工類)教材概括大意文章及譯文1

　　More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing

　　1　Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.

　　2　Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up1 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night　People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.2

　　3　These findings, which Dr　Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine3, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night　He added that “it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.

　　4　Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep ― for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.

　　5　For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems　Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to- day functioning5.

　　6　Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours　In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed　As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed　“It stands to reason6 that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake,” he said.

　　詞匯：

　　refresh / r?’fre?/ v.(使)精力恢復(fù)

　　questionnaire / ,kwest??’ne?(r)/ n.問卷

　　psychosomatic / ,sa?k??s?’m?t?k / adj.(指疾病)由精神壓力引起的

　　fatigue / f?’ti:g / n.疲勞

　　caution / ’k?:??n/ v.警告

　　insomnia / ?n’s?mn??/ n.失眠

　　habitually / h?’b?tj??l?, - t??-/ adv.習(xí)慣地

　　注釋：

　　1.clock up：時(shí)間達(dá)到

　　2.they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers：falling和feeling都是說明trouble的。全句可譯為：與8小時(shí)睡眠者相比，他們?cè)谌胨徒?jīng)過一夜睡眠恢復(fù)精力方面有更多的麻煩。

　　3.Psychosomatic Medicine：《心身醫(yī)學(xué)》(醫(yī)學(xué)雜志名)

　　4.set aside：留出

　　5.having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning：感到疲乏影響日常工作。

　　6.stand to reason：是當(dāng)然的，是合情合理的

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.Paragraph 2 ________

　　2.Paragraph 4 ________

　　3.Paragraph 5 ________

　　4.Paragraph 6 ________

　　A　Kripke’s Research Tool

　　B　Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep

　　C　Criticism on Kripke’s Report

　　D　A Way of Overcoming Insomnia

　　E　Sleep Problem of Long and Short Sleepers

　　F　Classification of Sleep Problems

　　5.To get a good night’s rest, people may not need to ________.

　　6.Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to ________.

　　7.One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to ________.

　　8.One survey showed that people who habitually ________ each night have a higher risk of dying.

　　A　fall asleep again

　　B　become more energetic the following day

　　C　sleep less than 7 hours

　　D　confirm those serious consequences

　　E　suffer sleep problems

　　F　sleep more than 8 hours

　　答案與題解：

　　1.E　第二段列舉了睡眠時(shí)間多于或少于8小時(shí)而帶來的多種sleep problems。

　　2.B　第四段闡述了長(zhǎng)期睡眠不足所帶來的嚴(yán)重后果。

　　3.A　第五段介紹了Kripke的調(diào)查工具(tool)。他用的是有關(guān)睡眠的問卷。問卷包括兩大內(nèi)容：睡眠時(shí)間及睡眠困擾問題。

　　4.D　第六段最后兩句是：“... one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.”和“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”這是選擇D的依據(jù)。

　　5.F　選擇F的依據(jù)是第三段第一句。原文是：“... people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night.”

　　6.E　選擇E的依據(jù)是第六段第一句。原文是：“... people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. ”

　　7.A　本題答案的依據(jù)是第五段第二句：“Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep ...”

　　8.C　本題答案的依據(jù)是第四段：“... one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.”

　　譯文：每晚只需8小時(shí)，睡眠過多非益事

　　睡眠不足帶來的危害已經(jīng)廣為人知，而一項(xiàng)新的研究表明睡眠過多同樣會(huì)使人們產(chǎn)生不良后果。

　　圣地亞哥加利福尼亞大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)在入睡、保持睡眠等方面，每晚睡眠9或10小時(shí)的人比睡8小時(shí)的人存在更多問題。而每晚僅睡7小時(shí)的人則表示，他們?cè)谌胨靶菹⒑缶謴?fù)程度上不及8小時(shí)睡眠者。

　　Daniel Kripke博士在《心身醫(yī)學(xué)》雜志上報(bào)告的這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，人們?nèi)绻胪砩闲菹⒑茫刻炝艚o睡眠的時(shí)間只需8小時(shí)。他補(bǔ)充說，對(duì)于那些每晚睡8小時(shí)以上的人們來說，考慮減少在床上度過的時(shí)間“也許是個(gè)好主意”。不過他又提醒說這還需要進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí)。

　　以往的研究證明了長(zhǎng)期睡眠缺乏的潛在危機(jī)。有報(bào)告顯示，睡眠經(jīng)常少于7小時(shí)的人比睡眠充足者，在特定時(shí)期內(nèi)死亡的機(jī)率更高。

　　而在目前這份報(bào)告中，Kripke考評(píng)了一份1004名成年人參與反饋的睡眠調(diào)查問卷。問卷內(nèi)容涉及每周睡眠時(shí)間和各種可能的睡眠問題，包括半夜驚覺，清晨早醒，無法重新入睡，以及白天疲勞，影響日常工作等。

　　Kripke發(fā)現(xiàn)每晚9至10小時(shí)睡眠者比睡8小時(shí)的人更容易出現(xiàn)各類睡眠問題。在次訪談中，Kripke注意到睡眠時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的人夜間可能難以入眠，正是因?yàn)樗麄兯锰嗔?。因此他補(bǔ)充說，治療失眠最好的一種方法就是少睡點(diǎn)兒。“在床上花得時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)，醒著的時(shí)間就會(huì)更多，這是理所當(dāng)然的?！?/P>