2014年職稱英語(綜合類)教材概括大意文章及譯文4
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綜合類-概括大意
Alaska
In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bear”-beyond Canada s western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States.
In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters, From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.
Alaska is America s largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.
Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state s earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.
In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.
The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska s single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.
詞匯:
symbolize 象征 fur-bearing 有毛皮的
peninsular 半島 lumber 伐木,木材
hectares 公頃 pulp 木漿
range (在一定范圍內(nèi))變化,變動
注釋:
1.In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state. 1959 年美國人歡迎阿拉斯 加成為美國的第49個州。the Union指美國南北戰(zhàn)爭時期支持聯(lián)盟政府的各州,此處即指美國。
2.the settled areas:已有人定居的地區(qū)
3.Ice masses lie buried in the earth :地下埋藏著巨大的冰塊。注意這里動詞lie的用法,這里lie作半系動詞用,既有動詞的實義,同時又起系動詞的作用,后面跟的buried是它的補(bǔ)語或稱 表語0
4.Bering Strait:白令海峽
5.the earliest known inhabitants :已知的最早的居民,也可說 the earliest inhabitants known。
1. Paragraph 3________
2. Paragraph 4_________
3. Paragraph 5_________
4. Paragraph 6_________
A) Rich resources of the state
B) Connections with the outside world
C) Transportation problem
D) The natives of the land
E) Cold climate
F) Land and population
5. For as long as three months of a year, the sun ________ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.
6. According to statistics, _________ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.
7. Alaska was originally part of Russia, but was bought _______.
8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth__________
A. as fish does
B. because of its rich natural resources
C. by the United States in the 19th century
D. shines day and night
E. only a very small percentage
F. a limited amount of the gold found there.
答案與題解:
1.F這段不長,但提供了一些有關(guān)阿拉斯加面積和人口的數(shù)字。
2.D本段介紹了愛斯基摩人最早是怎樣來到阿拉斯加并成為這片土地永久的居民的。
3.C這一段的開始雖然談了淘金熱的情況,但主要講的還是阿拉斯加和外界的聯(lián)系,以及它 的不那么方便的交通情況。
4.A這段介紹了阿拉斯加的幾種主要的自然資源,包括魚類、木材、裘皮、石油等。
5.D本句中缺少謂語動詞,在所給的六個選項中只有shines是單數(shù)第三人稱的動詞,后面所 跟的狀語 day and night 符合文中內(nèi)容:the midnight sun never sets.
6.E本句的主語不完整,of前面缺少一個名詞短語,從內(nèi)容上看應(yīng)填入E。
7.C but后面的被動語態(tài)的句子使我們很自然就想到或許應(yīng)該有一個by短語。
8.A句中出現(xiàn)as much wealth,后面很可能還會有一個as引導(dǎo)的句子,否側(cè)比較的意義不 完整。
譯文:阿拉斯加
1959年美國人歡迎阿拉斯加成為美國的第49個州,這表明美國人的態(tài)度與1867年剛把這個半島從俄羅斯手中買來時的態(tài)度相比有了轉(zhuǎn)變。那個時候,大多數(shù)美國人對這塊150萬平方公里 冰山和北極熊的土地不感興趣。它在加拿大的那一頭,遠(yuǎn)離美國有人居住的地區(qū)。
阿拉斯加州在北極圈里的部分仍舊是冰山和北極熊出沒的地方。巨大的冰塊被埋在地下,這里永久的凍土層有90米或者更深。從5月初到8月初,午夜的太陽從不離開這個平坦、連一棵樹 都沒有的地帶。然而這時的太陽只能曬化2/3米深的凍土層。
阿拉斯加是美國最大的州,而居民卻只有32. 5萬人。據(jù)估計,這里只有80萬公頃土地適合耕種,然而正在開發(fā)的卻只有64萬公頃。
阿拉斯加處于北極地區(qū)的部分千百年來就是愛斯基摩人的家園。據(jù)說最早的愛斯基摩人是從蒙古或西伯利亞穿過白令海峽到這里來的。白令海峽因丹麥船長威塔斯?白令而得名。白令船長 在1741年為俄羅斯所做的一次航行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了阿拉斯加。愛斯基摩人是已知的阿拉斯加最早的居 民。俄羅斯皮毛商在這里建立了居民區(qū)。然而,當(dāng)阿拉斯加被賣給美國人的時候,他們大多離開了這里。
18年在靠近阿拉斯加的加拿大邊境的克朗代克河附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了金子。成千上萬的美國人在奔 赴克朗代克河的路上到了這個地區(qū),有些人就再也沒返回。阿拉斯加與其他地方完全隔離的情況 結(jié)束了,可是即使是在今天,運(yùn)輸仍然是主要問題。只有兩條公路通往美國本土,而州內(nèi)各市都 有自己的機(jī)場。飛機(jī)將乘客、郵件和貨物送到最偏遠(yuǎn)的村落。
給阿拉斯加的生活帶來突變的金子很快就被采光了。雖然那些關(guān)于礦區(qū)營地的故事被寫進(jìn)文 學(xué)作品,然而阿拉斯加的金子對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不如阿拉斯加水中的魚。那里一年捕到的魚能 賣8 000萬到9 000方美元。皮毛類動物在溪流和森林里多的是,水里有皮毛昂貴的海豹。僅次于 捕魚業(yè)的是木材業(yè)和木漿生產(chǎn)。近幾年來阿拉斯加最重要的資源是石油。阿拉斯加還有豐富的煤、銅、金以及其他礦物。
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