2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材閱讀理解文章及譯文9

　　衛(wèi)生類-閱讀理解　　

U. S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January

　　A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.

　　Officials from the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.

　　The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.

　　Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.

　　Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.

　　“We anticipate that in the long term1，what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation’s health care costs,” Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.

　　The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up2 pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.

　　Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth3, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.

　　The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.

　　詞匯：

　　hereditary adj.遺傳的

　　注釋：

　　1.in the long term：從長遠(yuǎn)說來

　　2.sign up：使報(bào)名從事

　　3.pre-term birth：早產(chǎn)

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.The aim of the study is to find new ways to

　　A. conduct research.

　　B. track public health.

　　C. prevent or treat illness.

　　D. speed up development.

　　2.Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT

　　A. genetic samples from people in the study.

　　B. biological samples from people in the study.

　　C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies.

　　D. samples of air and water from hospitals.

　　3.It is expected that through the study the nation’s health care costs

　　A. will be lowered in the long run.

　　B. will be significantly increased.

　　C. will be more than $200 million.

　　D. will reach $3.2 billion.

　　4.The babies of the participants will be followed

　　A. throughout their lives.

　　B. for more than two decades.

　　C. from birth to 21 months.

　　D. until they get married.

　　5.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?

　　A. They’ll be from various areas.

　　B. They’ll be from all income levels.

　　C. They’ll be from all educational levels.

　　D. They’ll be from all age groups.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.C短文的第二段提到了此項(xiàng)研究的goal，即aim，這便是learning new ways to treat or prevent illness。

　　2.D前三項(xiàng)在短文的第四段都有題記，第四項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是“參加研究的婦女及其嬰兒家中的空氣與水等物質(zhì)，而不是“醫(yī)院中的空氣與水”。

　　3.A短文的六段說到，預(yù)計(jì)從長遠(yuǎn)的角度此項(xiàng)研究將有利于國家衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用開支的節(jié)約。

　　4.B短文的第一段以及倒數(shù)第三段都說到，這些嬰兒將從出生前一直被跟蹤到21歲。

　　5.D前三項(xiàng)在短文的最后一段都有提及，只有第四項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象都是懷孕的婦女，不可能是所有年齡段的人們。

　　譯文：美國將在一月啟動(dòng)一項(xiàng)耗資32億美元的兒童健康研究項(xiàng)目

　　美國衛(wèi)生部官員在星期五稱：美國將在一月啟動(dòng)一項(xiàng)耗資32億美元、將持續(xù)20余年的研究項(xiàng)目，此項(xiàng)目將對(duì)10萬名美國兒童從出生前到21歲的健康狀況進(jìn)行跟蹤研究。

　　來自美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院的官員稱：他們希望此項(xiàng)目在全國范圍內(nèi)的105個(gè)地點(diǎn)展開的研究，將有助于識(shí)別兒童早期生活對(duì)日后發(fā)展的影響，其目標(biāo)是研究出新的治療和防止疾病的方法。

　　此項(xiàng)研究將對(duì)遺傳和環(huán)境兩個(gè)因素進(jìn)行測試。環(huán)境因素如嬰兒接觸的某種有損健康的化學(xué)品。

　　研究院表示，研究人員將收集研究對(duì)象的基因和生物樣本，以及母嬰生活環(huán)境當(dāng)中的空氣、水、灰塵和建筑材料的樣本。

　　這些官員稱目前此項(xiàng)研究已經(jīng)花費(fèi)2億美元，而這項(xiàng)研究預(yù)計(jì)耗資32億美元。

　　擔(dān)任美國國立未生育尤尼斯肯尼迪施萊佛國立兒童健康和人類發(fā)展中心的負(fù)責(zé)任的杜安亞歷山大博士對(duì)記者說：“我們期待從長遠(yuǎn)來說，此項(xiàng)研究成果將有利于國家衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用開支的節(jié)約。”

　　此項(xiàng)研究將于一月開始，屆時(shí)北卡羅琳娜大學(xué)和紐約西奈山醫(yī)學(xué)院將開始與報(bào)名參加此研究的孕婦簽約，合約中規(guī)定這些將要出生的孩子將被此項(xiàng)目跟蹤調(diào)查至21歲。

　　據(jù)此項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人國立衛(wèi)生院皮特沙伊特博士稱，早期的研究將圍繞導(dǎo)致早產(chǎn)現(xiàn)象的因素展開，這種現(xiàn)象近年來已越發(fā)普遍。

　　國立衛(wèi)生院稱，研究對(duì)象將從農(nóng)村、城市和郊區(qū)廣泛選取，他們涵蓋不同的收入階層和受教育程度，以及不同的種族。

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