2014年職稱英語(綜合類)教材概括大意文章及譯文9

　　Transport and Trade

　　Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce， transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer， the better for trade. When there were no railways， no good roads， no canals， and only small sailing ships， trade was on a small scale.

　　The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand， for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business， drawing supplies from， and selling goods to， all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.

　　Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.

　　By moving fuel， raw materials， and even power， as， for example， through electric cables， transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes， the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.

　　Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication， like telephones， cables and radio， send information about prices， supplies， and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way， advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

　　詞匯：

　　aid 幫助，援助 plentiful 充裕的，豐富的

　　scarce 匱乏的，缺少的 canal 運(yùn)河 suburbs 郊區(qū)

　　deliver 送(貨) port 港口

　　cable 電纜 commerce 商業(yè)

　　注釋：

　　1.add to:增添，增加

　　2.on a small scale：小規(guī)模地。注意這里用的介詞是on。

　　3.accompany：伴隨。例如：The dance was accompanied by music.音樂伴舞。

　　4.live on:以……為主食

　　5.concentrate on:集中

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Paragraph 2 _________

　　2. Paragraph 3 _________

　　3. Paragraph 4 _________

　　4. Paragraph 5 _________

　　A. Higher living standard

　　B. Importance of transport in trade

　　C. Various means of transport

　　D. Birth of transport-related industries and trade

　　E. Role of information in trade

　　F. Public transportation

　　5. The development of modern means of transport _________.

　　6. Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly ___________.

　　7. Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _________.

　　8. In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as ________.

　　A. to send goods to various parts of the world

　　B. at any time during the year

　　C. has greatly promoted trade

　　D. is it possible to produce on a large scale

　　E. the transport of goods

　　F. it is possible to produce on a large scale

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B這段講的是交通在貿(mào)易中的重要性。

　　2.A這段講的是交通能促使生活水平提高。

　　3.D這段講的是交通促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)業(yè)和貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。

　　4.E這段講到除了貨物的運(yùn)輸外，信息的傳遞對貿(mào)易來說也非常重要。

　　5.C本句缺少句子的謂語動詞，只有這個選項符合這個語法要求。

　　6.D這個句子是以only開頭的，強(qiáng)調(diào)后面的狀語從句，所以后面出現(xiàn)的主句應(yīng)該皇倒裝的， 在幾個選項中只有D符合要求。

　　7.B這句話的意思可見第三段，缺少的僅是一個時間狀語。

　　8.E在這個as后面應(yīng)該填入的必然是個和the transmission of information并列的短語，即―個名詞短語。

　　譯文：交通與貿(mào)易

　　交通是貿(mào)易的輔助手段之一。把貨物從它們比較豐富的地區(qū)運(yùn)到這種貨物稀少的地區(qū)，交通 增加了它們的價值。把貨物從生產(chǎn)者那里運(yùn)送到一定距離之外的消費者那里越容易，對貿(mào)易就越 有利。過去沒有鐵路，沒有很好的公路，也沒有運(yùn)河，只有小帆船，所以貿(mào)易的規(guī)模很小。

　　在過去的兩百年中，運(yùn)輸業(yè)取得了巨大的進(jìn)展，伴之而來的是貿(mào)易的迅猛增長。例如，更大 更快的輪船使英國和新西蘭之間發(fā)展了肉食貿(mào)易。快捷的運(yùn)輸使大批量的生產(chǎn)和大的企業(yè)成為可 能。它們從全球各地購買原料，又把產(chǎn)品銷售到全球各地。如果沒有方便的交通把他們所需的大 批工人從家鄉(xiāng)帶來或送回，大的工廠就不可能存在。除非顧客們能很快從郊區(qū)趕到城里并且貨物 能迅速地被送到家里，否則，城市里的大商場也不可能發(fā)展起來。除非食物能從遠(yuǎn)處運(yùn)來，否則， 大城市也無法生存。

　　交通能夠防止浪費。如果大量的魚被運(yùn)到了港口卻不能很快送往內(nèi)陸城鎮(zhèn)，那么很多就要被 浪費。交通使我們的食品和貨物豐富起來，因為我們再也無須以當(dāng)?shù)厮a(chǎn)的東西為主要食品了。 過去一年內(nèi)某一時間才能得到的食物現(xiàn)在一年四季都可以得到。交通提高了人們的生活水平。

　　通過運(yùn)輸燃料、原料，甚至電力(例如，可通過電纜)，交通使工業(yè)和貿(mào)易在原來不可能的 地區(qū)發(fā)展起來，地區(qū)和國家可以集中生產(chǎn)那些比別的地區(qū)成本低、質(zhì)量又好的產(chǎn)品，然后互相交 換。交通運(yùn)輸越便宜越快捷，那么貨物的產(chǎn)地和目的地之間的距離就越遠(yuǎn)，同時又能諏利。交通 落后的國家生活水平也較低。

　　商業(yè)的發(fā)展不僅需要有貨物和人口的遷移，而且要求信息的傳遞。一些聯(lián)系手段，如電話、 電報和無線電廣播可以給人們帶來世界各地的價格、供應(yīng)的信息，讓人們了解變化的情況。先進(jìn) 的通信系統(tǒng)可以以這種方式幫助發(fā)展貿(mào)易。

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