2014年職稱英語(yǔ)(衛(wèi)生類)教材完形填空文章及譯文10

　　衛(wèi)生類-完形填空　

　Hospital Mistreatment

　　In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. ___1___|some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East1, ___2___|increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to___3___|outsiders to improve local facilities. ___4___|the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, ___5___|South Korea and Japan.

　　In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East,2___6___|it is not 6 that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least___7___|money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.

　　Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. ___8___ the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other___9___safety and comfort. ___10___, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly ___11___the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge engineers who prefer to find sollutions ___12___problems rather than do routine work in their home country.

　　One major problem which___13___migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.___14___, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the___15___financial benefits which they receive.

　　詞匯：

　　migrant移民的

　　allied 與此相關(guān)的

　　taxation 稅，稅款

　　compensate 補(bǔ)償

　　routine 日常的

　　注釋：

　　1.This is particularly the case in the Middle East...：中東地區(qū)目的情況尤為如此……

　　2.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East...：由于中東地區(qū)艱苦的生活和工作條件……in view of 是個(gè)短語(yǔ)，表示原因或理由。

　　3.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 一個(gè)相關(guān)的好處是這里的稅收低，或者根本就不收稅。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. A. As B. Since C. While D. Although

　　2.A. which B. where C. when D. there

　　3.A. call in B. call off C. call up D. call on

　　4.A. But B. Moreover C. Besides D. Thus

　　5.A. include B. includes C. including D. included

　　6.A. surprised B. surprisingly C. surprise D. surprising

　　7.A. twice as much B. twice as many C. as much as twice D. as many as twice

　　8.A. Similarly B. As a result C. For example D. Anyway

　　9.A. with B. for C. about D. in

　　10.A. On the contrary B. In a similar way C. On the other hand D. Consequently

　　11 A. because of B. on C. because D. with

　　12.A. in B. about C. for D. to

　　13.A. effects B. affects C. detects D. reflects

　　14.A. In case B. In all cases C. In a case D. In any case

　　15.A. considerable B. considerate C. considered D. considering

　　答案與題解：

　　1.C所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是語(yǔ)法連詞，但意義各異。這個(gè)句子的主從句表達(dá)了兩種不同的情況，B即some newly independent countries和other countries的不同，用while來連接表示對(duì)比。又如：While we eat rice as our staple food, they eat bread as theirs.

　　2.B這里用where來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定的定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于in which，指前面出現(xiàn)的Middle East。

　　3.A call in是“引進(jìn)，招募”的意思，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，各有自己的意義，call off：“取消”，call up：“給……打電話”，call on：“拜訪”。

　　4.D Thus用以表示結(jié)果。前一句講了中東地區(qū)石油收入增加了，這一句要講的是結(jié)果。

　　5.C這里需要的是一個(gè)分詞，故include和includes都可以排除。在余下的兩個(gè)分詞形式中，應(yīng)該挑選的是-ing形式，因?yàn)槠湟饬x是主動(dòng)的。

　　6.D這里應(yīng)該填入的是一個(gè)形容詞性質(zhì)的詞，surprisingly是副詞，surprise是名詞和動(dòng)詞，故都不合適;surprised和surprising均可作形容詞用，但意義不同，surprised是“感到驚奇的”，surprising是“令人感到驚奇的”。

　　7.A選項(xiàng)C和D本身都不是英語(yǔ)中正確的表達(dá)方式，因而根本不在考慮之列。選項(xiàng)A和B二者都是“……的兩倍”的意思，但區(qū)別是twice as much用于不可數(shù)的物質(zhì)名詞，twice as many 用于可數(shù)名詞。又如：They are consuming twice as much fish as they used to.他們現(xiàn)在吃的魚比以前多了一倍。The school is enrolling twice as many students as it did two years ago.這所學(xué)校的招生人數(shù)比兩年前翻了一番。

　　8.C本段的第一句是本段的主題句，即：有時(shí)一個(gè)不利之處會(huì)得到一個(gè)有利之處的補(bǔ)償。接下去作者舉了一些發(fā)展這個(gè)主題句的例子，故應(yīng)該填入For example，以示前后兩句在意義上的關(guān)系。

　　9.B depend on這個(gè)短的意思是“依靠……”，如果后面想表示出在哪一方面依靠別人，那就要用介詞for 來表示。又如：Many developed countries depend to varying extent on the Middle East countries for their oil supply.不少發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在不同程度上都依靠中東國(guó)家提供石油。

　　10.B In a similar way這個(gè)句首的狀語(yǔ)表明這一句和上一句所講的內(nèi)容是類似的，實(shí)際上這前后兩句話講的都是生活條件艱苦這一不利帶來的好處。

　　11.A這里只可能填入一個(gè)介詞，不可能填入連接詞，因?yàn)楹竺鏇]有句子，所以because不能考慮。從內(nèi)容上看，這里需要的是一個(gè)表示原因的介詞短語(yǔ)，以說明工人們?yōu)槭裁茨軘€起大筆的錢，故應(yīng)填入because of。

　　12.D solution后面習(xí)慣上用to這個(gè)介詞。

　　13.B這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞形和發(fā)音有點(diǎn)相像，但意義毫不相干，effect常作名詞用，意思是“效果”，affect是動(dòng)詞，意思是“影響”，detect是動(dòng)詞，意思是“察覺”，reflect也是動(dòng)詞，意思是“反映”。

　　14.D in any case 是“盡管如此，無論如何”的意思，如：In any case, we will pass your house. So just let us pick you up at eight.我們總得要路過你的家，就讓我們?cè)诎它c(diǎn)鐘來接你吧!in case是“萬(wàn)一”的意思，in a case和in all cases并不是固定的表達(dá)方式。

　　15.A considerable是從consider派生而來的一個(gè)形容詞，但它的意思是“相當(dāng)大的，可觀的”。considerate的意思是“考慮周到的，體貼的”，另外兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)則是動(dòng)詞consider的分詞形式，在這里是毫不相干的。

　　譯文：醫(yī)院的虐待

　　根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究表明，大多數(shù)實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生從醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè)后的第一年開始都受到過虐待，包括被老資格的醫(yī)生羞辱、恐嚇或是毆打。

　　這一發(fā)現(xiàn)源于對(duì)1991年1月寄給1733名第二年信院醫(yī)生的一份有13頁(yè)調(diào)查問卷的反映分析。這項(xiàng)調(diào)查與分析在4月份刊登在《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)》雜志的15期上。

　　總地來說，1277名住院醫(yī)生完成了問卷，其中1185人說他們?cè)谧鰧?shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生時(shí)至少經(jīng)歷過一次虐待。有40%的住院醫(yī)生說他們?cè)慷貌∪耸艿狡渌淖≡横t(yī)生、說病人受虐待是常事。

　　10%以上的實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生說他們不允許有足夠的睡眠。每周平均連續(xù)37.6小時(shí)不允許睡覺。一個(gè)典型的工作周的應(yīng)診時(shí)間為56.9小時(shí)，但是大約25%的住院醫(yī)生說他們的應(yīng)診任務(wù)在有的工作周達(dá)到80小時(shí)以上。

　　雖然30%的住院醫(yī)生說他們經(jīng)歷過某種性騷擾或性歧視，謾罵是被提到的最普通的問題。當(dāng)謾罵事件被限制在三次或三次以上，53%的住院醫(yī)生說他們被輕視或被資格稍老的住院醫(yī)生羞辱，而21%以上的住院醫(yī)生說他們的工作成績(jī)被記到別人的功勞簿上。資深的醫(yī)生為了懲罰實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生而給他們分派任務(wù)，“被推、被踢、被打”并且有人“威脅你的名譽(yù)和職業(yè)?！?0%以上的被測(cè)醫(yī)生反映這種事更常見。

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