2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)(衛(wèi)生類(lèi))教材閱讀理解文章及譯文11

　Sleeplessness

　　Insomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint1 of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you. For women who are having night sweats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once2 the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns. If it doesn't it may be, or have become chronic insomnia.3 How do you know?

　　If you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If you're not having night sweats then it's time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider5. Movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list6 of insomnia for them; there are new medicines that may help. Other common causes are shift working, and pain.

　　In up to7 30% of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills. It is estimated that 25% of the adult population in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose8 and for the shortest possible time.

　　Sleep hygiene9 is directed at changing bad sleep habits. The recommendations are： 一 Go to bed only when sleepy. 一Do not wait up to a specified time. 一Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc.

　　詞匯：

　　insomnia 失目民，失眠癥 qualified 有資格的，勝任的，具備必要條件的

　　syndrome .綜合病癥，綜合癥 狀 identify 識(shí)別，鑒定

　　dose (藥物等的)(一次)劑量，一 劑，一服

　　hygiene衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生學(xué)，保健學(xué) recommendation .勸告，建議;推薦

　　specify 具體指定，明確說(shuō)明 caffeine 咖啡因，咖啡堿

　　complaint.疾病;抱怨，訴苦 menopause 絕經(jīng)，絕經(jīng) 期，更年期

　　refreshing提神的，涼爽的，清 涼的 chronic (疾病)慢‘性的 depression 抑郁，沮喪，消沉 disorder (身、心機(jī)能的)紊 舌L,不適,病

　　注釋?zhuān)?^

　　1.complaint:此處意為“疾病”。

　　2.once:―旦(引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　3.If it doesn't it may be, or have become chronic insomnia.如果正常的睡眠規(guī)律不能恢復(fù)，則可 能成為或已經(jīng)成為慢性失眠了。If k doesn't中的k指上一句提到的normal sleep pattern。

　　4. How do you know?是 How do you know if it may be or have become chronic insomnia?的省略。

　　5.a qualified health care provider：―個(gè)合格的保健工作者，這里泛指醫(yī)生或健康咨詢(xún)老師等。

　　6.second on the list:在名單上列第二，即從重要性來(lái)看位于第二。

　　7.up to:接近

　　8.in the lowest dose:用最小劑量

　　9.sleep hygiene:睡眠的衛(wèi)生，指與睡眠有關(guān)的一系列健康習(xí)慣。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.The word "insomnia" in the first paragraph means

　　A having trouble falling or staying asleep.

　　B feeling that one's sleep is adequate for him.

　　C having no sweats at night.

　　D having a normal sleep pattern.

　　2.How many possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph?

　　A Five.

　　B Six.

　　C Seven.

　　D Numerous.

　　3.The expression “second on the list" in the second paragraph means

　　A the second least important cause of sleeplessness.

　　B the second most important cause of sleeplessness.

　　C the second on the doctor's list about sleepless people.

　　D the second on the writer's list recording sleeplessness.

　　4. Concerning the use of sleeping pills, which of the following statements is true?

　　A Most adult Americans use sleeping pills for sleep.

　　B Doctors seldom give sleepless people sleeping pills.

　　C Sleeping pills should be used for a very fixed period.

　　D Sleeping pills should be used in a very small amount.

　　5.Which of thp following does not fit with sleep hygiene?

　　A Making a rule to go to bed at a specific time every day.

　　B Going to bed when sleepy, not always at the same time.

　　C Trying not to drink any caffeine and alcohol in the evening.

　　D Changing bad sleep habits and following doctors' advice.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.A 本文第二句給了“insomnia” 的定義，”Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you. ” 至少這三種―情況都可叫做失眠。

　　2.B 共提六種，艮P night sweats, depression, anxiety disorders, movement disorders, shift working, pain。

　　3.B因第二段是列舉失眠原因，second on the list指從重要性方面來(lái)看位于第二。

　　4.D 第三段末句提到了安眠藥，談到 “..? sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose.. ? ”即應(yīng)使用最小劑量。

　　5.A最后一段提出建議:困了就睡和晚上不喝令人興奮的咖啡和酒等，并不要求定時(shí)上床，故 A項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　譯文：失眠

　　失眠是進(jìn)入絕經(jīng)期女性的普遍疾病。失眠是指不能入睡或不能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間睡著，或有對(duì)自己的睡眠 不滿(mǎn)意的感覺(jué)。對(duì)那些晚上出盜汗的女性們來(lái)說(shuō)，她們夜里經(jīng)常醒來(lái)，因而休息不好。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一 停止盜汗，正常的睡眠就會(huì)恢復(fù)。如果正常的睡眠規(guī)律不能恢復(fù)，則可能成為或已經(jīng)成為慢性失眠 了。那么如何判斷是否得了慢性失眠呢?

　　如果在一個(gè)月內(nèi)你每晚或大部分晚上都失眠了，那你就得了慢性失眠。如果你沒(méi)盜汗那就應(yīng) 該找找其他的原因。抑郁和焦慮是最普通的導(dǎo)致慢性失眠的原因。如果你感到抑郁那就需要找一 個(gè)合格的保健工作者來(lái)對(duì)你進(jìn)行檢查。像不寧腿綜合癥這樣的動(dòng)作異常是導(dǎo)致失眠的第二大原因。 有一些新藥可能會(huì)對(duì)此有幫助。其他一些通常的原因就是不固定的工作時(shí)間和疼痛。

　　有將近30%的失眠者沒(méi)有顯著的原因。對(duì)這些病人的治療方法一般是吃安眠藥。去年估計(jì)有 25%的美國(guó)成年人吃藥以保證睡眠。大家一致認(rèn)為服用安眠藥應(yīng)用最小劑量，用藥期盡量短。

　　睡眠衛(wèi)生主要是指改掉壞的睡眠習(xí)慣。建議是：困了就睡覺(jué)，不要非等到指定的時(shí)間;晚上不要 攝取咖啡因和酒精等物質(zhì)。

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