2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)(綜合類(lèi))教材閱讀理解文章及譯文14

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　 點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入：2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)(綜合類(lèi))教材閱讀理解文章匯總

　　綜合類(lèi)-閱讀理解　

　　Sleep

　　We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity1 is of some 7-8 hours' sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness2. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.

　　The question is no mere academic one.3 The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness，sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately，it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 am one week, 8 am to 4 pm the next, and 4 pm to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another4，so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.

　　One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend5 and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.

　　The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers6 whose nocturnal wakefulness7 may persist through all weekends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts，but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.

　　詞匯：

　　alternate 交替，輪換 wakefulness 醒著，不睡

　　coincide 同時(shí)發(fā)生;一致, 相符

　　modify 改變，修改，修飾;緩和，減輕

　　automation .自動(dòng)化 insistently 堅(jiān)持地，執(zhí)拗地;迫切地，急切地 reverse 使顛倒,使倒轉(zhuǎn) routine 常規(guī)，例行公事

　　revert 恢復(fù)，回復(fù)

　　corps 共同工作或活動(dòng)的一群人;特種部隊(duì)，特殊軍種

　　permanent 永久的，持久的 nocturnal 夜間發(fā)生的，夜間活動(dòng)的

　　incidence .發(fā)生(率) digestive 消化的，助消化的

　　disruption 混亂，分裂，崩演 abnormal 反常的，變態(tài)的

　　occurrence 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn);(偶發(fā)性)事件

　　symptom 表征，征病征，癥狀

　　注釋?zhuān)?/P>

　　1.the normal human daily cycle of activity ：人們每天正常活動(dòng)的周期

　　2.the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness:睡目民通常與黑夜時(shí)間重疊

　　3.The question is no mere academic one.這不僅僅是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的學(xué)術(shù)問(wèn)題。，

　　4.This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another：這就意味著丨他剛剛習(xí)慣了一種方式又不得不改為另一種。此句中的no sooner... than...是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。no sooner +主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)(has he...)的意思是“一……就……”。如:1 had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.我剛到家天就下雨了?？梢钥闯?，只有當(dāng) no sooner放在句首位置時(shí)，“主語(yǔ)-助動(dòng)詞”這一序列才發(fā)生變化。

　　5.people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend:在周末，按照這些體制工作的人會(huì)恢復(fù)他們通常的睡眠和清醒的習(xí)慣。

　　6.a corps of permanent night workers:―隊(duì)長(zhǎng)期上晚班的工人

　　7.nocturnal wakefulness ：夜間不眠

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. The question raised in Paragraph 1 is "no mere academic one"

　　A because Bonjer's findings are different from Brown's.

　　B because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.

　　C because some people can change their sleeping habits easily.

　　D because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.

　　2.According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that

　　A people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts.

　　B your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.

　　C not all industries work at the same hours.

　　D it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers.

　　3.According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be

　　A not to change shifts from one week to the next.

　　B to make periods on each shift longer.

　　C to employ people who will always work at night.

　　D to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly.

　　4.In the second paragraph, “ the third" means

　　A the third week.

　　B the third shift.

　　C a third of the time.

　　D the third routine.

　　5.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, ”another" means

　　A another routine.

　　B another shift.

　　C another week.

　　D another person.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.D根據(jù)上下文，睡眠周期不僅僅是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)性的問(wèn)題。由于工作的需要要求人們改變睡眠習(xí)慣o所以D是答案o

　　2.B i章的第二段^介紹°了工作三班倒的情況。工人們常常每周變換工作時(shí)間，這樣就影響了他們的正常睡眠周期，所以這是主要的問(wèn)題所在。

　　3.C文章最后一段第一句說(shuō):The only real solution...(唯一真正解決問(wèn)題的方法……)，之后提到由一隊(duì)長(zhǎng)期上夜班的工人來(lái)?yè)?dān)負(fù)夜班工作，這樣別的工人就可以上正常班，而夜班工人不用因常變換工作時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)自己的睡眠周期。

　　4.A第二段中的the third根據(jù)上下文是the third week。跟形容詞最高級(jí)一樣(如：the most beautiful [ woman])，序數(shù)詞后面的名詞常可省略。又如:the fourth (day) of May。

　　5.A another (另一個(gè))之后省略了 routine 一詞。

　　譯文：睡眠

　　我們都知道人們每天正?；顒?dòng)的周期是大約7～8小時(shí)的睡眠與大約16 ~17小時(shí)的清醒狀態(tài) 相交替。而且，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，睡眠通常與黑夜的長(zhǎng)短相一致。我們目前關(guān)心的是要改變這一周期可以有多簡(jiǎn)單，并且可以改變到何種程度。

　　這不僅僅是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的學(xué)術(shù)問(wèn)題。例如,在需要機(jī)器24小時(shí)連續(xù)工作的自動(dòng)化操作的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，使人們從白天工作變?yōu)橥砩瞎ぷ髯兊迷絹?lái)越重要了。通常一個(gè)人需要五天至一周的時(shí)間來(lái)適應(yīng)與常規(guī)生活顛倒的睡眠時(shí)間和清醒時(shí)間，即白天睡覺(jué)，晚上工作。不幸的是,在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，工作班次每星期都變換的事經(jīng)常發(fā)生：如一個(gè)人第一星期要從午夜12點(diǎn)工作到上午8點(diǎn)，下一個(gè)星期從上午8點(diǎn)工作到下午4點(diǎn)，第三個(gè)星期又從下午4點(diǎn)工作到午夜12點(diǎn)等等。這就意味著，他剛剛習(xí) 慣了一種方式又不得不改為另一種。因此，他的很多工作和休息時(shí)間都不能得到高效率的利用。

　　讓每一班次都維持較長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，一個(gè)月，甚至三個(gè)月，這似乎是一種解決方法。然而，荷蘭人邦杰近來(lái)的研究結(jié)果表明，按照這些體制工作的人在周末會(huì)恢復(fù)他們通常的睡眠和清醒的習(xí)慣。而這已足夠破壞其一周以來(lái)培養(yǎng)起來(lái)的對(duì)夜晚工作的適應(yīng)性。

　　唯一真正的解決方法看來(lái)是將晚班交給一組在所有周末和假日里都能保持夜間不困的長(zhǎng)期上晚班的人。布朗曾做過(guò)一個(gè)關(guān)于上晚班的工人的家庭生活和健康狀況的有趣的研究。她發(fā)現(xiàn)在那些早晚班換來(lái)?yè)Q去的人群中，失眠、消化系統(tǒng)紊亂和家庭分裂有較高的發(fā)生率，但是在那些長(zhǎng)期上晚班的人中這種反常征兆卻沒(méi)有。

　　2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考前復(fù)習(xí)必讀攻略 2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)老師輔導(dǎo)輕松通關(guān)