2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材閱讀理解文章及譯文15

　　衛(wèi)生類-閱讀理解　　　　

Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay

　　Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill，new study findings suggest. In an experiment that.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.

　　The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style”5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.

　　"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus，，’ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “ And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe. ”

　　Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less Susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.

　　For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy，tense and hostile had a negative style.

　　The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days，the volunteers reported on any aches，pains，sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.

　　詞匯：

　　bay 絕境，窮途末路 catch 感染到

　　flu 流行性感冒 trait 特質(zhì);特征

　　virus 病毒 perceive 發(fā)覺，覺察;理解

　　disposition 本性，性情 energetic 精力充沛的，精神飽滿的

　　psychosomatic 心身的，身心的 easy-going 隨和的

　　boost 提高，舉起 tense 緊張的

　　scratchy 刺痛的，使人發(fā)癢的 hostile 敵意的

　　nasal 鼻的 runny 流黏液的 ache 疼痛，酸痛

　　Pittsburgh 匹茲堡 sneeze 打噴嚏

　　congestion 充血 colleague 同事 mucus 黏液

　　susceptible 易感的，敏感的 woe 痛苦，苦惱;災(zāi)難，苦頭

　　注釋：

　　1.Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay:情緒樂觀的人不易患感冒。warm people 原意是 “熱心腸的人，情緒高昂的人” ,keep/hold.. at bay是“使……走投無路，不使……接近”的意 思，因此本題目如果直譯則是“情緒高昂的人可能讓感冒不能得逞”或“情緒高昂的人可能 遠(yuǎn)離感冒”或“情緒高昂的人可能拒感冒于千里之外”。

　　2.staying positive:保持積極向上(的情緒)

　　3.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus:使健康的志愿者接觸感冒(病毒)或流感病 毒。expose原意是“使暴露，使面臨”，這里expose sb. to sth.是“使……接觸……”的意思。

　　4.sunny disposition:樂觀開朗的個性

　　5.positive emotional style:樂觀情緒型，情緒積極型

　　6.scratchy throat ：嗓子痛

　　7.susceptible to:對……敏感的，容易受到……影響的

　　8.as to:關(guān)于，至于

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think

　　A that their illness is very serious.

　　B that their illness is not so serious.

　　C that they do not get any illness at all.

　　D that the illness they get is not a mild one.

　　2.People with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

　　A happy.

　　B selfish.

　　C easy-going.

　　D energetic.

　　3.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have?

　　A Hostile.

　　B Unhappy.

　　C Warm-blooded.

　　D Tense.

　　4. How did the researchers test their volunteers?

　　A By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.

　　B By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold.

　　C By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function.

　　D By investigating everyone's characteristics, interests and hobbies.

　　5.Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected?

　　A Mucus production.

　　B Aches and pains.

　　C Sneezing or congestion.

　　D Blood test.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B本題答案來自第三段，其中第二句說:“當(dāng)他們的確患感冒時，他們認(rèn)為病情并不太嚴(yán)重”

　　2.B 選項A、C、D在第五段第二句均提到，只有B項沒提到，而且從邏輯推理，情緒樂觀的人 絕不會是“自私自利”的人。

　　3.C選項A、B、D也均在第五段第二句提到，而C項“熱情洋溢”也不應(yīng)屬于情緒低落、消極 的人所應(yīng)有的性格特征。

　　4.A第六段第一句說的就是“研究者給這些志愿者一些含有感冒病毒或某種流感病毒的滴鼻劑”，這正是本題答案。

　　5.D選項A、B、C在第六段第二句均提到，而D項則不在其中之列。

　　譯文：樂觀情緒助你遠(yuǎn)離感冒

　　最新研究顯示，保持樂觀積極的情緒是預(yù)防感冒的最佳途徑。一項令健康受試者接觸感冒病毒 的實驗證明，積極情緒類型的受試者受感染的幾率相對較小。

　　這個名為“積極情緒可以幫助預(yù)防感冒及其他疾病”的發(fā)現(xiàn)被刊登在《身心醫(yī)學(xué)》期刊上，而究 其原因則分為客觀和主觀兩方面。客觀原因是積極樂觀的情緒有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)的功能，而主觀 原因則是：心情快樂的人較少受到咽痛和流鼻涕的困擾。

　　來自匹茲堡卡內(nèi)基?梅隆大學(xué)的Sheldon Cohen博士是此研究的主要參與者.,他解釋道“積極 情緒類型的人對于病毒的免疫反應(yīng)可能較常人不同”，“而且當(dāng)患感冒時,他們往往不會把自己的病 情想象得太糟糕。”

　　在此前一項更早的研究中,Cohen及其同事就曾經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，積極情緒型的人對感冒病毒似乎不太 敏感，但當(dāng)時并不能確定引起這種區(qū)別的是性格特征因素。

　　在這次新的研究實驗中，研究者對193名健康的受試者進(jìn)行了規(guī)范的性格測試，包括自我認(rèn)為 的健康程度以及情緒類型等。其中那些更傾向于心情愉快、精力充沛且平易近人的受試者為積極情 緒型，而那些總是心情不快、緊張并對旁人心存敵意的受試者則屬于消極情緒類型。

　　研究者給每位受試者提供了含有感冒病毒或某類流感病毒的滴鼻液，在接下來的六周里，每位 受試者每天匯報他們各自的身體反應(yīng)，如疼痛、鼻塞、打噴嚏等。而研究者則要統(tǒng)計各種客觀數(shù)據(jù)， 如受試者每日黏液分泌物化驗結(jié)果等。根據(jù)實驗的一些客觀統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)(如鼻涕化驗結(jié)果)，Cohen 及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，積極情緒類型的人患感冒的機(jī)會相對更小一些。

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