2014年職稱英語(理工類)教材閱讀判斷文章及譯文15
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理工類-閱讀判斷
Image Martian Dust Particles
NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander1 has taken its first-ever picture of a single particle of rusty Martian dust with one of its microscopes. The dust particles of dust were shown at a higher magnification than anything outside of Earth that has been imaged before. The rounded particle measured only about one micrometer, or one millionth of a meter, across.
Taking this image required the highest resolution microscope operated off Earth2 and a specially designed device to hold the Martian dust," said Tom Pike, a Phoenix science team member from Imperial College London3. "We always knew it was going to be technically very challenging to image particles this small4.''
The device that imaged the dust speck is called an atomic force microscope, which maps the shape of particles in three dimensions by scanning them with a sharp tip at the end of a spring. The atomic force microscope can detail the shapes of particles as small as about 100 nanometers. And this won't be the last dust particle that Phoenix will image5. "After this first success, we're now working on building up a portrait gallery6 of the dust on Mars," Pike said.
Dust exists everywhere on Mars, coating the surface and giving it its rusty red color. Dust particles also color the Martian sky pink and feed storms that regularly envelope the planet. The ultra-fine7 dust is the medium that actively links gases in the Martian atmosphere to processes in Martian soil, so it is critically important to understanding Mars' environment8, the researchers said.
The $420-million Phoenix mission is analyzing the dust and subsurface ice layers of Mars' arctic regions to look for signs of potential past habitability. The particle seen in the atomic force microscope image was part of a sample scooped by the robotic arm from the "Snow White" trench and delivered to Phoenix's microscope station in early July.
詞匯:
image v. 繪……的圖像 scan v. 掃描
magnification n. 放大 subsurface adj. 地面下的
micrometer n. 微米 habitability n. 居住性
resolution n. 分辨率,清晰度 scoop v. 挖
map v. 繪制……的地圖 trench n. 溝
注釋:
1. NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander: 美國國家航空航天局的鳳凰號火星登陸器
2. off earth : 地球之外
3. Imperial College London : 倫敦帝國學(xué)院
4. image particles this small: 描繪如此之小的微粒。image particles this small是口語的說法,其意思是image such small particles/image particles which are so small。
5. And this won't be the last dust particle that Phoenix will image: 這不會是鳳凰號掃描圖像的最后的塵粒。本句的言外之意是:科學(xué)家將會收集更多的火星微粒進(jìn)行掃描。
6. portrait gallery: (火星塵粒)圖像陳列館
7. ultra-fine : 超小的
8. it is critically important to understanding Mars' environment: 火星塵粒對于了解火星環(huán)境是極端重要的。it指代上一句的dust,而to是介詞,所以后接動名詞 understanding。
練習(xí):
1. The dust particle on Mars is the smallest particle that has been imaged outside of Earth.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Using the same technology, we have also measured the size of particles on the moon and Jupiter.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. Scientists use the highest resolution microscope to watch and record the image of Martian particles on earth.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. Tom Pike said that they used to think it was no easy job to image such small particles.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. An electronic device has been developed to measure the weight of certain Martian rocks.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. After collecting the last Martian dust particle, the scientists have started to build up a portrait gallery of it.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. The Phoenix's robotic arm collected the Martian dust particles for analysis on Mars.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案與解析:
1.A 第一段說,NASA的鳳凰號火星登陸器用它的顯微鏡觀測地球外長度只有百萬分之一米的微粒。本題的表述與第一段的意思吻合。
2.C 通篇文章都沒有提到科學(xué)家用同樣的技術(shù)測量月球和水星上的微粒。
3.B 第一段只是說,NASA的鳳凰號火星登陸器用它的顯微鏡觀察地球外,而不是地球上長度只有百萬分之一的火星微粒,所以本題的表述是錯的。
4. A Tom Pike說,“We always knew it was going to be technically very challenging to image particles this small.”(我們過去一直知道,觀察體積如此小的微粒具有很高的挑戰(zhàn)性。)(見第二段)這句話是選擇A的依據(jù)。
5.C 通篇文章都沒有提到有人發(fā)明了一種能測量火星上某些微粒的重量的電子裝置。
6.B 第三段中提到,“...this won't be the last dust particle that Phoenix will image”。接著又說,“After this first success,we’re now working on building up a portrait gallery of the dust on Mars”。而本題卻說:“After collecting the last Martian dust particle,we’re now working on building up…”,這與文章所表達(dá)內(nèi)容明顯不同,所以本題的答案是B。 .
7.A 選擇A的依據(jù)是文章最后一句:“The particle seen in the atomic force microscope image was part of a sample scooped by the robotic arm…”。
譯文:觀測火星上的塵粒
美國國家航空航天局的鳳凰號火星登陸器通過其攜帶的顯微鏡觀測到了迄今為止第一幅火星微粒的招聘。這次微粒的圖像比以往任何拍攝地球以外的物質(zhì)使用的放大率都要高。據(jù)測稱原形的微粒直徑只有一微米,也就是百萬分之一米。
“此次觀測需要清晰度最高的顯微鏡,同事要專門設(shè)計能夠握持火星塵粒的設(shè)備?!盤ike說道,他是倫敦帝國學(xué)院鳳凰號科學(xué)小組的成員之一?!拔覀円恢闭J(rèn)為觀測體積如此小的微粒技術(shù)上具有很高的挑戰(zhàn)性?!?/P>
這次用于觀測微粒的設(shè)備叫作原子力顯微鏡,它能夠通過位于彈簧尖端來掃描這些微粒并在三維空間中繪制下它們的形狀。這種顯微鏡能夠以小到100納米來呈現(xiàn)出這些微粒。而且這不會是鳳凰號掃面的最后的塵粒,科學(xué)家將會收集更多的火星微粒進(jìn)行掃描?!斑@次成功以后,我們正在努力創(chuàng)建一座火星塵粒圖像陳列館?!盤ike說道。
火星上到處都存在著塵粒,這些塵粒覆蓋著火星表面,使其呈現(xiàn)出銹跡斑斑 的紅色。這些塵粒把火星的填空染成了粉色,而且經(jīng)常會引起覆蓋行星的塵暴。而超小的塵粒又是連接大氣層中的空氣與火星中的土壤的媒介物,所以研究者稱火星塵粒對于了解火星環(huán)境是極端重要的。
這次耗資420萬美元的鳳凰號任務(wù)將會分析火星北極范圍內(nèi)的額塵粒和地表下的冰層,目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)火星上過去是否有居住的可能性。從原子力顯微鏡里觀測到的塵粒是由機(jī)械手從“白雪溝”中獲得的,而后在7月初被傳送到鳳凰號顯微鏡觀測站的樣本的一部分。
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