2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材閱讀理解文章及譯文17

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　　Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost

　　Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health，but also for the whole immune system， especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model，researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS)1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease， generally when the body is challenged.

　　The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation ’ but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.

　　In what was the longest study of its kind，pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. "The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch, ” said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona3，Spain.

　　Humans do not eat raw potatoes，but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch， such as cold boiled potatoes，legumes，grains，green bananas，pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch 一 starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)4.

　　Immunology expert Lena Ohman's team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden5. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI6.

　　詞匯：

　　boost提高，舉起 bowel(常用復數(shù))腸

　　salad 色拉(西餐中的一種涼拌菜)Spain .西班牙

　　starch 淀粉 leucocyte 白細胞 lymphocyte 淋巴細胞

　　inflammation 炎，炎癥;發(fā) 炎部位 down-regulation 下調，向卞調節(jié)

　　Spanish 西班牙的 indicative 指示性的;象征性的;預示性的

　　density密度 apoptosis 細胞凋亡(細胞的自然死亡)

　　simulate 模仿，模擬 resistant有抵抗力的;耐久的

　　Barcelona .巴塞羅那(西班牙港市)

　　legume 豆，(豆)莢 pasta 意大利面食

　　cereal (常用復數(shù))(作為主糧的)谷物類 digest 消化

　　intestine (常用復數(shù))腸 shunt (使)分流

　　ferment (使)發(fā)酵 immunology 免疫 學

　　peripheral 周圍的;表面的 gut 腸

　　hypothesis.(學說的)假設，假定 inflammatory adj.發(fā)炎的，炎 性的

　　注釋：

　　1. raw potato starch (RPS)：未經加工的土豆淀粉

　　2.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.西班牙研究者們所觀察到的白血球水平整體下調意味著未經加工的土豆淀粉具有全面的有益作用，也就是總的來說身體是更加 健康。

　　3.Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona是西班牙一個少數(shù)民族語――加泰隆語，意為“巴塞羅那 自治大學”。這是該大學的原名。

　　4.irritable bowel syndrome (IBS):腸易激綜合征

　　5.Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden:瑞典哥德堡大學內科醫(yī)學系

　　6.SCI (Science Citation Index):科學引文索引。美國科學信息研究所1961年創(chuàng)辦出版的引文數(shù)據(jù)庫。

　　練習：

　　1.What form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?

　　A Potato soup.

　　B Potato cake.

　　C Potato salad.

　　D Hot boiled potato.

　　2.What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?

　　A It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation.

　　B It may mean somewhere in the body is inflamed.

　　C It means that the body is challenged.

　　D It means that the body cannot produce leucocytes any more.

　　3.For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment?

　　A They wanted to observe how the leucocyte levels reduced in the experimental pigs.

　　B They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch.

　　C They wanted to see how much potato an experimental pig ate every day.

　　D They wanted to see how much body weight each experimental pig gained in the end.

　　4.All of the following foods are rich in resistant starch EXCEPT

　　A pasta.

　　B grains.

　　C legumes.

　　D vegetables.

　　5.What a kind of starch is resistant starch after all?

　　A It may cause irritable bowel syndrome.

　　B It may bring about at least partially inflammatory disorder.

　　C It may raise leucocyte and lymphocyte levels in the body.

　　D It cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.C短文開頭第一句就說,“吃土豆有益于腸道健康，而且對整個免疫系統(tǒng)也有益,尤其是吃 土豆色拉或涼吃”，因此在四個選項中最有營養(yǎng)的非C項莫屬。

　　2.A第二段第三句說，“淋巴細胞水平低顯示炎癥水平下降”，故其他B、C、D三個選項均不正確。

　　3.B ^二段第二句引用了研究組負責人自己的話說，“在實驗中使用未經加工的土豆淀粉，就 是為了模擬富含耐久淀粉的飲食所起的作用”，其他A、C、D三個選項文章均沒有提及。

　　4. D第四段第一句列出了一些富含耐久淀粉的食品，其中就沒有D項“蔬菜”，而且實際上蔬 菜也不是富含淀粉的食物。

　　5. D第四段倒數(shù)第二句已經解釋了耐久淀粉的特點：“不能在小腸中消化，而是分流到大腸， 在大腸中發(fā)酵?！逼渌x項個別詞語雖在短文中出現(xiàn)過，但都不是說明耐久淀粉的。

　　譯文：食用土豆有益我們的免疫系統(tǒng)

　　吃土豆有益于腸道健康，而且對整個免疫系統(tǒng)也有益，尤其是吃土豆色拉和涼吃。在對動物模式的一個研究中，西班牙的調查者發(fā)現(xiàn)用未經加工的土豆淀粉喂養(yǎng)的豬不僅腸道更健康，而且白血 細胞的水平降低了，如血液中的白細胞和淋巴細胞的數(shù)量。白血細胞通常是身體受到考驗而產生炎 癥和疾病時產生的。

　　西班牙研究者們所觀察到的白血球水平的整體下調意味著未經加工的土豆淀粉具有全面的有 益的作用，也就是總的來說身體是更加健康。白血球數(shù)量降低了大約百分之十五。淋巴細胞數(shù)量的 降低顯示炎癥指標的下降，然而觀察到的淋巴細胞濃度和淋巴細胞凋亡的減少卻是驚人的。

　　在對此進行的最長的研究是用未經加工的土豆淀粉喂養(yǎng)豬14個星期后來判定淀粉對腸道健康 的影響?！霸趯嶒炛惺褂梦唇浖庸さ耐炼沟矸?就是為了模擬富含耐久淀粉的飲食所起的作用?！蔽?班牙巴塞羅那自治大學的研究負責人Jose Francisco Perez這樣說道。

　　人們不吃未經加工的土豆，但是卻吃很多富含耐久淀粉的食物，比如說涼的熟土豆、豆莢、糧食、 綠香蕉、面食、谷物等。人們食用的淀粉大約有百分之十為耐久淀粉，也就是不能?小腸中消化，而 是分流到大腸，在大腸中發(fā)酵的淀粉。食用淀粉被認為可以降低大腸癌的得病幾率，還有可能對過 敏性腸綜合征起作用。

　　免疫學老師Lena Ohman的研究小組曾發(fā)現(xiàn)過敏性腸綜合征病人的淋巴細胞數(shù)量并沒有改變， 然而淋巴細胞卻是從周圍的血液轉移到腸內，這就給過敏性腸綜合征至少部分是炎癥性疾病的假設 提供了依據(jù)。Lena Ohman說道，因為如此,西班牙人觀察到的淋巴細胞的減少很有趣，耐久淀粉食 品也許值得在過敏性腸綜合征病人身上試驗。Ohman近來在瑞典哥德堡大學內科醫(yī)學系工作，她 的研究成果發(fā)表在科學引文索引數(shù)據(jù)庫收錄的期刊《化學和工業(yè)》上。

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