2014年職稱英語(yǔ)(綜合類(lèi))教材閱讀理解文章及譯文35

　　Going Her Own Way

　　When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life.

　　She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families choseto stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools.

　　There they leamed a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation.

　　This was not the sort of education that interested Maria - or her mother. By this time, she hadbegun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere.

　　One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.

　　Maria knew that she wanted to go on leaming in a serious way. That meant attending thepublic high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two. types ofhigh schools: the "classical" schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools, thestudents followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek languageand literature, and Italian literature and history'. The few girls who continued studying afterprimary school usually chose these schools.

　　Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modernthan the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, andaccounting2. Most people - including Maria's father_. believed that girls would never be able tounderstand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.

　　Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interestedher most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father'sapproval. She finally did, with her mother's help, though for many years after, there was tensionin the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her.

　　In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti" inRome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses includedmodern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Leaming consisted of memorizing longlists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questionsor think for themselves in any way. Teachers-were very demanding, discipline in the classroomwas strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.

　　詞匯：

　　discipline 紀(jì)律，學(xué)科，訓(xùn)練，懲罰

　　punishment 懲罰，嚴(yán)厲對(duì)待，虐待

　　注釋：

　　1. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with coursesin Latin and Greek language and literature; and Italian literature and history.在傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校中，學(xué)生們都依照一種非常傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式學(xué)習(xí)，包含拉丁語(yǔ)、希臘語(yǔ)與文學(xué)課，還有意大利文學(xué)與歷史。

　　2. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses inmodern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting.技術(shù)學(xué)校比傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校要現(xiàn)代得多，他們提供的課程有現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言、數(shù)學(xué)、自然科學(xué)，以及會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Maria wanted to attend____.

　　A) private "finishing" school

　　B) school with Latin and Greek

　　C) technical high school

　　D) school for art and music

　　2. In those days, most Italian girls____.

　　A) went to classical schools

　　B) went to "finishing" schools

　　C) did not go to high school

　　D) went to technical schools

　　3. You can infer from this passage that____.

　　A) girls usually attended private primary schools

　　B) only boys usually attended technical schools_

　　C) girls did not like going to school

　　D) only girls attended classical schools

　　4. Maria's father probably____.

　　A) had very modern views about women

　　B) had very traditional views about women

　　C) had no opinion about women

　　D) thought women could not learn Latin

　　5. High school teachers in Italy in those days were____.

　　A) very.modern

　　B) very intelligent

　　C) quite scientific

　　D) quite strict

　　答案與題解：

　　1.C本題的問(wèn)題是：Maria想去個(gè)怎樣的學(xué)校?由文中第三段可明確得出結(jié)論?！癕aria,however, wanted to attend a technical school. "A,B,D項(xiàng)均有明顯錯(cuò)誤。

　　2.C本題的問(wèn)題是：在當(dāng)時(shí)的意大利大多數(shù)女孩的選擇是什么?由文中第一段可知“Most girlsfrom middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，”所以本題的正確答案為C。

　　3.B本題為推理題，問(wèn)題是：從全文可以得出什么樣的結(jié)論?A選項(xiàng)未提及。C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，原文只說(shuō)大多數(shù)女孩子都選擇待在家里，并未說(shuō)她們都不喜歡讀書(shū)。D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，原文只說(shuō)就算是上學(xué)的話大多數(shù)女孩子也都選擇傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校，而并非只有女孩子才可以去。所以正確答案為B。

　　4.B本題的問(wèn)題是：Maria的父親對(duì)女性的態(tài)度是什么?由文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Mostpeople - including Maria's father - believed that girls would never be able to understand thesesubjects.”可以得出答案，父親和大多數(shù)人一樣都持傳統(tǒng)觀念。

　　5.D本題的問(wèn)題是：當(dāng)時(shí)的意大利高中教師是怎樣的?從文中最后一段可以得出結(jié)論"Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment wassevere for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.”故正確答案為D。

　　譯文：選擇她自己的路

　　當(dāng)她12歲的時(shí)候，、瑪利亞做出了她人生道路的第一個(gè)重要決定。她決定繼續(xù)讀書(shū)。

　　對(duì)于大多數(shù)來(lái)自中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭的女孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，小學(xué)畢業(yè)就都選擇待在家里，盡管有一些參加了教會(huì)辦的女子精修學(xué)校。在那她們學(xué)習(xí)一些音樂(lè)、藝術(shù)、針線活，以及如何禮貌交談。這些并不是瑪利亞所感興趣的或者可以說(shuō)也不是她媽媽感興趣的。此時(shí)，她對(duì)待學(xué)習(xí)更加認(rèn)真。她不停地讀書(shū)，他走到哪里就把書(shū)帶到哪里。有一次她甚至把數(shù)學(xué)書(shū)帶到了劇院里，設(shè)法在黑暗中學(xué)習(xí)。

　　瑪利亞知道她想要繼續(xù)正規(guī)學(xué)習(xí)。她想要到公立高中去學(xué)習(xí)，很少有女孩子這樣做。在當(dāng)時(shí)的意大利，有兩種形式的高中，一種是“傳統(tǒng)”學(xué)校，另一種是“技術(shù)類(lèi)”學(xué)校。在傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校中，學(xué)生們都依照一種非常傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式學(xué)習(xí)，包含拉丁語(yǔ)、希臘語(yǔ)及文學(xué)課，還有意大利的文學(xué)與歷史。極少數(shù)能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的女孩們也大多選擇這類(lèi)學(xué)校。

　　但是瑪利亞打算去技術(shù)類(lèi)學(xué)校。技術(shù)類(lèi)學(xué)校比傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校要現(xiàn)代得多，他們提供的課程有現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言、數(shù)學(xué)、自然科學(xué)，以及會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)。包括瑪利亞父親在內(nèi)的大部分人都認(rèn)為，女孩子是不可能弄明白這些科目的。另外，他們也認(rèn)為女孩子不適合學(xué)習(xí)這些。

　　瑪利亞并不在乎適合與否。數(shù)學(xué)和自然科學(xué)是她最感興趣的學(xué)科。但是在她報(bào)名之前她必須爭(zhēng)得她父親的同意。最后在她母親的幫助下她成功了，盡管過(guò)去很多年她的家庭關(guān)系依然很緊張。她的父親一直地反對(duì)她的計(jì)劃，而她的母親卻幫助她。

　　1883年，瑪利亞13歲的時(shí)候考取了羅馬的“Regia Scuola Tecnica MichelangeloBuonarroti”學(xué)校。她在這個(gè)學(xué)校的經(jīng)歷對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)難以想象。盡管課程包括現(xiàn)代學(xué)科，而教學(xué)方式卻是十分傳統(tǒng)的。學(xué)習(xí)包括記憶長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的詞條和事件，然后向老師復(fù)述。學(xué)生們不會(huì)以任何的方式被提問(wèn)或是自己思考。老師非?？量蹋n堂紀(jì)律十分嚴(yán)格，未達(dá)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或者不守紀(jì)律的學(xué)生會(huì)被給予嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。