2014年職稱英語(綜合類)教材閱讀理解文章及譯文40

　　New US Plan for Disease Prevention

　　Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health1 , Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a$15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes.

　　The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases2 - the leading causes of death in the United States――and outlines ways that people Can prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise.

　　“In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness，disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases, "the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.

　　The causes are often behavioral――smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.

　　“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future，”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.

　　“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices."

　　Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.

　　“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives，”he said.

　　The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.

　　Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，and prevent cancer and strokes.

　　The money will also go to community organizations，clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.

　　The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening，including Pap tests3 for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks.

　　If such cancers were all caught by early screening.the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.

　　詞匯：

　　diabetes 糖尿病 initiative .主動(dòng)的行動(dòng)，倡議

　　behavioral 行為方面的 escalate 逐步上升;逐步增強(qiáng)

　　slate 預(yù)定，規(guī)劃 nutritionist 營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家

　　cervical 子宮頸的

　　mammogram 乳房X射線照片

　　colonoscopy結(jié)腸鏡檢查 prostate 前列腺的

　　注釋：

　　1.take responsibility for their health ：承擔(dān)起確保自己健康的責(zé)任

　　2.The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases … ：這一行動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)了慢性病所造成的損失……

　　3.Pap test (= Papanicolaou test):巴氏試驗(yàn)(一種檢查早期癌變的方法)

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?

　　A)They account for 70% of all deaths.

　　B)They are responsible for most of the health care costs.

　　C)They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.

　　D)They are largely preventable.

　　2.The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT

　　A)better diet.

　　B)increased exercise.

　　C)reduction on smoking.

　　D)higher survival rate for cancer.

　　3.The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean

　　A)greater responsibility of the government.

　　B)much less money needed for disease treatment.

　　C)higher costs of health care.

　　D)more 1ifestyle choices for people.

　　4.The $15 million program is aimed at

　　A)promoting disease prevention.

　　B)building more sidewalks.

　　C)helping needy communities.

　　D)wiping out chronic diseases.

　　5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly

　　A)the death rates for all chronic diseases.

　　B)the kinds of cancer attacking people.

　　C)the cancer incidence rate.

　　D)cancer death rate.

　　答案與題解：

　　1. C 從文章的第三、六段分別可以看出，在美國(guó)，70%的死亡時(shí)由慢性病造成的，絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用也花在慢性病的治療上，而不健康的生活方式會(huì)引發(fā)慢性病，而不是慢性病引發(fā)不健康的生活方式。慢性病很大程度上是可以預(yù)防的。

　　2. D 從文章的第二、四段可以排除A、B和C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

　　3. B 從文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治療花費(fèi)極高。適當(dāng)投資于疾病的預(yù)防可以大大減少這種花費(fèi)。

　　4. A 從文章第一段可以看出，該項(xiàng)目的主要目的是促進(jìn)疾病的預(yù)防。

　　5. D 從文章的最后一段可以看出，早期癌癥檢查有助于大大提高癌癥存

　　譯文：美國(guó)疾病預(yù)防策

　　周二，健康及人道服務(wù)部秘書托米湯姆森發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)耗資1 500萬美元的計(jì)劃，大力推 進(jìn)社區(qū)在預(yù)防諸如心臟病、癌癥及糖尿病等慢性病上發(fā)揮更大能量，以鼓勵(lì)美國(guó)人對(duì)自己的健 康負(fù)責(zé)。

　　這一行動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)了慢性病――造成美國(guó)國(guó)人死亡的主要原因的代價(jià)，概括了預(yù)防疾病的途徑， 包括改善飲食和增加鍛煉。

　　衛(wèi)生與公共服務(wù)部在報(bào)告中指出，“今天，在美國(guó)70%的死亡、絕大多數(shù)重病、殘疾及健康 醫(yī)療是由慢性病造成的，絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用也花在慢性病的治療上?！?原因往往是行為上的――吸煙、不良的飲食習(xí)慣以及缺乏鍛煉。

　　“我確信通過增進(jìn)健康來預(yù)防疾病是一項(xiàng)利在將來的精明之舉?！睖飞诎l(fā)起該倡議的會(huì)議 上說o

　　“我們當(dāng)前的健康醫(yī)療體系不是為應(yīng)付治療那些基本上可以通過改變生活方式來預(yù)防的疾病 的費(fèi)用不斷上漲而設(shè)立的?！?/P>

　　湯姆森說道，全國(guó)心臟病和中風(fēng)將在2003年將要耗資3 510億美元。 “男性和女性死亡的主要病因都基本上可以預(yù)防，但是作為一個(gè)國(guó)家，我們卻尚未采取必要 措施使人們生活得更為健康長(zhǎng)壽?！彼f道。

　　調(diào)撥1 500萬美元給社區(qū)來推動(dòng)預(yù)防工作，促使變化，細(xì)微到修建人行道，鼓勵(lì)人們多多步行。

　　每天鍛煉，比如走步，能夠預(yù)防以及治療心臟病和糖尿病，且能預(yù)防癌癥和中風(fēng)。 這批款項(xiàng)也將撥給社區(qū)組織、診所及營(yíng)養(yǎng)師，鼓勵(lì)他們合作，教育有患糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人們?nèi)?何進(jìn)行預(yù)防，鼓勵(lì)人們多做早期癌癥篩查。

　　美國(guó)癌癥學(xué)會(huì)估計(jì)，所有類型癌癥的一半可用早期癌癥篩查測(cè)出，包括針對(duì)宮頸癌的巴氏試 驗(yàn)、針對(duì)乳腺癌的乳房X線照片、結(jié)腸鏡檢查以及前列腺檢查。

　　如果所有這些癌癥都能夠由早期篩查測(cè)出，該組織估計(jì)癌癥存活率將上升到95%。