職稱英語(yǔ)考試歷年真題原文：2012年閱讀理解(理工B)

　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　第一篇 Gross National Happiness

　　In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

　　King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).

　　GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.

　　Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

　　Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.

　　Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

　　31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?

　　A. A king.

　　B. A president.

　　C. A Buddhist priest.

　　D. A general.

　　32. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?

　　A. To make its population grow.

　　B. To keep its traditions and customs.

　　C. To keep it separate from the world.

　　D. To encourage its people to get rich.

　　33. A country shows its progress with GNP by

　　A. spending more money.

　　B. spending less money.

　　C. providing more jobs.

　　D. selling more products.

　　34. According to GNH, people are happier if they

　　A. have new technology.

　　B. can change their religion.

　　C. have a good, stable government.

　　D. have more money.

　　35. Today many countries are

　　A. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.

　　B. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.

　　C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.

　　D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.

　　第二篇 Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics(仿生學(xué))

　　Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(長(zhǎng)頸鹿), which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.

　　We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(藍(lán)圖)for invention. We’ve borrowed canals from beavers(河貍)and reflectors from cat’s eyes. Although the words “bionics” became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(檔案)don’t go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.

　　To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright’s pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore(梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.

　　Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic (簡(jiǎn)單抽象藝術(shù)) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett’s fish submarine (潛水艇) actually looks like a fish.

　　Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(螞蚱)-sounds shocking, doesn’t it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.

　　36. “cats”,”monkeys” and “giraffes” mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate

　　A. they are highly-evolved species as humans.

　　B. humans can learn animals’skills.

　　C. they are skillful in different ways.

　　D. animals have skills that humans do not possess.

　　37. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?

　　A. History books.

　　B. The Wright brothers’sculpture.

　　C. First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.

　　D. Leonardo da vinci’s bird-like flying machines.

　　38. What happened after the Wright brothers’success?

　　A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.

　　B. People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.

　　C. People cound fly their airplane for fun.

　　D. People kept their airplane at a French gallery.

　　39. Which of the following in true about the research carried out by the US Army?

　　A. It has changed our life.

　　B. It has cost a large sum of money.

　　C. It has improved the abilities of tanks.

　　D. It has not succeeded yet.

　　40. What does the writer want to tell in the passage?

　　A. Many inventions get ideas from nature.

　　B. Some animals possess unique skills.

　　C. People should protect nature.

　　D. Bionics is far from perfect.

　　第三篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan

　　Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturn's moon. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini,which pointed to the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.

　　Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" in Titan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.

　　They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs" consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth.

　　"We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."

　　To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin (minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.

　　Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.

　　The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator of the NASA Titan team.

　　"Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."

　　41 .What do scientists claim to have found about Saturn?

　　A. Water-based life on it.

　　B. Methane-based life on its biggest moon.

　　C. A new moon moving around it.

　　D. Earthlike life on its biggest moon.

　　42. Which of the following statements about Titan is true?

　　A. It is as large as the Earth.

　　B. There is acetylene on its surface.

　　C. Water on it acts as a life supporting medium.

　　D. Hydrogen consumption is reported to be on it.

　　43. The expression "this form of life" in paragraph 5 refer to?

　　A. Water-based life.

　　B. oxygen-based life.

　　C. Methane-based life.

　　D. Liquid-based microorganisms.

　　44. It can be inferred from Mark Allen’s address that

　　A. Scientists are trying to confirm these is life on Titan.

　　B. Scientists agree that a chemical process is a convincing explanation.

　　C. Scientists share the opinion that a biological explanation is reasonable.

　　D. Scientists are arguing over whether there is life on Titan.

　　45. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?

　　A . A different Life Form, a Possibility.

　　B. Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.

　　C. Finding of One More Moon of Saturn’s.

　　D. Titan, a New Satellite Discovered.

　　第4部分：閱讀理解

　　第一篇

　　31.D【解析】題意：第一段列舉貓、猴、長(zhǎng)頸鹿的例子是為了說(shuō)明什么?

　　由第一段第一句…but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having(很多動(dòng)物的技能是人類夢(mèng)寐以求的)，可確定D選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物擁有人類所不具備的技能”是正確的。

　　32.C【解析】題意：下列哪項(xiàng)可以在檔案館中找到?

　　根據(jù)文中第二段最后一句Our archives don’t go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird―like flying machines，but we can take you to the late l9thcentury，where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes可知，檔案館中沒(méi)有達(dá)芬奇的鳥類飛行器，但是有最 初的實(shí)用飛機(jī)。所以C選項(xiàng)First practical airplanes built in the late l9th century是對(duì)的。

　　33.B【解析】題意：懷特兄弟成功后發(fā)生了什么?

　　文中第三段Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying va―rious aspects of nature可知懷特兄弟成功后，很多人通過(guò)研究大自然的方方面面來(lái)改進(jìn)飛機(jī)。這與B 選項(xiàng)People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane說(shuō)法是一致的。

　　34.D【解析】題意：關(guān)于美國(guó)軍方開展的研究，下列哪項(xiàng)是正確的?

　　本句的關(guān)鍵詞是US Army，回到文章可以看到最后一段都在描述美國(guó)軍方的設(shè)想，但是他們的設(shè) 想還沒(méi)有演變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。如果能實(shí)現(xiàn)的話會(huì)改變我們的生活。所以D選項(xiàng)是正確的。

　　35.A【解析】題意：作者通過(guò)這篇文章想告訴我們什么?

　　通讀全文可知，作者意在闡述人類運(yùn)用仿生學(xué)創(chuàng)造了很多發(fā)明。所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

　　第二篇

　　36.D【解析】題意：Jigme Singye Wangchuck是誰(shuí)?

　　根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句…a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhntan to become modern可知，Wangchuck是一位新上任的國(guó)王。故選D。

　　37.D【解析】題意：除了使不丹現(xiàn)代化，Wangchuck還希望為不丹做什么?

　　根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句…King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided tO help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions，說(shuō)明Wangchuck不希望不丹丟掉其傳統(tǒng)，而第三段第三句 They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs也說(shuō)明Wangchuck推行的 GNH(國(guó)民幸?？傊?政策中，如果能保持傳統(tǒng)文化和風(fēng)俗則國(guó)民會(huì)更幸福。故選D。

　　38.A【解析】題意：一個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)步在GNP中體現(xiàn)為……。

　　根據(jù)文中第二段第三、四句The GNP measures products and money.When the number of prod― ucts sold increases，people say the country is making progress可知，GNP用商品和金錢來(lái)衡量，賣出的 商品越多，國(guó)家似乎越進(jìn)步。故選A。

　　39.C【解析】題意：根據(jù)GNH，人民若……會(huì)更幸福。

　　文章第三段集中講述GNH，人們更幸福包括they have health care，edtmarion，and jobs;they live in a healthy，protected environment;they can keep their traditional culture and customs;they have a good，stable government。由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。

　　40.D【解析】題意：現(xiàn)在，很多國(guó)家……。

　　根據(jù)文章第五段第二、三句Many countries are nOW interested in Bhutan’s GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness可知，很多國(guó)家用自己的方式去衡量幸福。故選 D。

　　第三篇

　　41.B【解析】題意：科學(xué)家聲稱在土星上發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?

　　根據(jù)文章第一段Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturn’s moon…the existence of methane―based form of life on Saturn’s biggest moon可知，科學(xué)家聲稱在土星最大的衛(wèi)星 上發(fā)現(xiàn)了存在甲烷為基礎(chǔ)的生命形式。故選B。

　　42.D【解析】題意：下列關(guān)于土衛(wèi)六的說(shuō)法哪個(gè)是正確的?

　　根據(jù)文章第二段Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are “breathing”in Titan’s dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen可知，科學(xué)家們報(bào)導(dǎo)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了被氫氣環(huán) 繞的土衛(wèi)六上有原始外星生物“呼吸”的線索，由第三段第二句…they say，points to the existence of some“bugs”consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth。進(jìn)一步得知這種外星生物是消耗氫氣的，故D項(xiàng)正確。由第三段第二句也可知土衛(wèi)六的大小不到地球的一半，由此A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由第六段Scientists had expected…a coating of acetylene on Titan’s surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface可知，太空船并沒(méi)有探測(cè)到土衛(wèi)六表面有乙炔的存在，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句on Titan…a methane―based organism would have to use a sub― stance that is liquid as its medium for living processes，but not water itself.Water…much too cold to support lire可知以甲烷為基礎(chǔ)的生物可以利用液體作為生命活動(dòng)的介質(zhì)，但卻不是水，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。所以本題選D.

　　43.C【解析】題意：第五段中“this form of life”指的是什么?

　　根據(jù)第四段第一句…similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth可知耗氧生物體存在于地球上，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。本段最后一句…it would represent a second form of life independent from water― based lire on Earth說(shuō)明這種生命形式與地球上以水為介質(zhì)的生物不同，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第五段 though there are liquid―water―based microorganisms on Earth…a methane―based organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes可知這種生命形式的確是以液體為介質(zhì)進(jìn)行生命活動(dòng)的，但并沒(méi)有明它們是微生物，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，同時(shí)根據(jù)本句和第一段最后一句…the existence of methane―based form of life得知這種生物是基于甲烷的，故C項(xiàng)正確。故選C。

　　44.A【解析】題意：通過(guò)馬克?艾倫的話可以得出什么結(jié)論?

　　根據(jù)文中最后一段倒數(shù)第一、二句艾倫所說(shuō)We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non― biological explanations.It is more likely that a chemical process，without biology，can explain these results可知，科學(xué)家們希望通過(guò)排除法來(lái)確定土衛(wèi)六上生物體的存在，因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)的這些結(jié)果也可能以化學(xué)反應(yīng)來(lái)解釋。故A項(xiàng)正確，而B項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為化學(xué)反應(yīng)是令人信服的解釋”，C項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們都認(rèn)為生物學(xué)的解釋是合理的”都錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)具有一定的迷惑性，由最后一段可得知科學(xué)家們?cè)跒樗麄兯玫臄?shù)據(jù)找出合理的解釋，而并不是在爭(zhēng)論到底土衛(wèi)六上有沒(méi)有生物，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。所以本題選A。

　　45.A【解析】題意：下列哪個(gè)能取代原標(biāo)題作為本文的標(biāo)題?

　　文章標(biāo)題是《土衛(wèi)六上發(fā)現(xiàn)的生命形式》，能替代的只有A選項(xiàng)：《其他生命形式的存在是有可能的》。B項(xiàng)Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan，由文章第四、五段可知這種生物形式與地球上的生物是不同的，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。文章通篇都在談?wù)撽P(guān)于土衛(wèi)六上的可能存在的生物，對(duì)于C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)沒(méi)有涉及，故C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。所以本題選A。

    2014年職稱英語(yǔ)新增文章匯總(全套) 

    2014年職稱英語(yǔ)教材免費(fèi)下載(高清全套) 

    職稱英語(yǔ)最后沖刺，8小時(shí)穩(wěn)拿68分