2015年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類C級閱讀復(fù)習(xí)(10)

　　2015年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類C級閱讀復(fù)習(xí)

　　Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women

　　A recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries.

　　The new study took place in Dar es Salaam. 4, 200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with2 vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.

　　The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine.3 Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health4 led the study. None of the women in the study had HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with5 HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body's immunity against infection.

　　The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.

　　孕期婦女宜多補(bǔ)充多維制劑

　　近日，來自坦桑尼亞的研究顯示，孕期婦女若每日補(bǔ)充適量多種維生素制劑，則新生兒體重過輕(即少于2.5kg)的幾率將明顯減少。老師指出，體重過輕的新生兒死亡的風(fēng)險要大大高于正常體重的新生兒，且即使幸存下來，其成年后患很多疾病如心臟病和糖尿病的幾率也會高于常人。世界衛(wèi)生組織估算，每年全世界有2000萬體重過輕的嬰兒誕生，其中有90%出生在發(fā)展中國家。

　　此次研究試驗(yàn)在坦桑尼亞首都達(dá)累斯薩拉姆舉行，共有4200名懷孕婦女參加了實(shí)驗(yàn)。她們服用的多維制劑包括所有B族維生素、維生素C和維生素E，同時還包括劑量超出發(fā)達(dá)國家給婦女的建議服用量數(shù)倍的鐵和葉酸鹽。因?yàn)樵衅趮D女較常人更容易發(fā)生維生素和礦物質(zhì)攝人不足的現(xiàn)象，尤其是在發(fā)展中國家。

　　作為對照組，研究者給另外4000名孕婦服用了不含有維生素的安慰劑。來自美國和坦桑尼亞的科學(xué)家們共同撰寫了實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告，并刊登在《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上，其中來自哈佛大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的Wafaie Fawzi為此次研究的組織者。參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的所有懷孕婦女均非艾滋病病毒攜帶者。而在更早的來自坦桑尼亞的研究報(bào)告中科學(xué)家曾指出，每日補(bǔ)充多維制劑對于已感染艾滋病的孕婦來說是一種減少胎兒死亡幾率的成本較低的方式。研究同時檢測到，孕婦在服用多維制劑后其血液中的淋巴細(xì)胞水平將會上升，而淋巴細(xì)胞可以增強(qiáng)人體免疫系統(tǒng)抵御傳染病的功能。

　　此次新的研究試驗(yàn)表明，補(bǔ)充多維制劑可以顯著降低新生兒體重過輕的概率。服用維生素的孕婦組中，過輕嬰兒的比重為總數(shù)的8%，而服用安慰劑的對照組中，過輕嬰兒的比重接近9.5%。雖然對于降低孕婦早產(chǎn)率和死胎率方面，維生素的作用并不明顯。最后，科學(xué)家呼吁，發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)努力為所有孕期婦女及時補(bǔ)充多種維生素。