2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試《綜合類》：閱讀理解材料(5)

      2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試《綜合類》：閱讀理解材料(5)

　　US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty

　　1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world1 • Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.

　　2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.

　　3 For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack3. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.

　　4 The impact of the treaty could be huge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses ; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.

　　5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.

　　詞匯：

　　ratify vt 批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可

　　enact vt.使(法案等)成為法律;通過(guò) (法案等);頒布(法令等)

　　cessation n.停止，休止

　　advertising n.做廣告,登廣告

　　prohibit v.禁止;不準(zhǔn)

　　outright adj.完全的,徹底的

　　注釋：

　　1. The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.美國(guó)朝著批準(zhǔn)一項(xiàng)全球性煙草協(xié)議邁出了第一步。該協(xié)議有望在世界范圍內(nèi)控制使用煙草所產(chǎn)生的致命性影響。

　　2. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.批準(zhǔn)該協(xié)議的國(guó)家將被要求制定嚴(yán)格的煙草控制政策。

　　3. For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack.例如，在那些國(guó)家出售的香煙將必須在每包煙正反面至少30%的地方注明吸煙有害健康的警告。

　　美國(guó)簽訂了全球煙草協(xié)議

　　美國(guó)朝著批準(zhǔn)一項(xiàng)全球性煙草協(xié)議邁出了第一步。該協(xié)議有望在世界范圍內(nèi)控制使用煙草所產(chǎn)生的致命性影響。衛(wèi)生和人類服務(wù)大臣托米•湯普森本周在聯(lián)合國(guó)簽署了煙草控制框架性協(xié)議(FCTC)。在美國(guó)能夠?qū)嵤┢錀l款之前參議院還必須要批準(zhǔn)這個(gè)協(xié)議。

　　FCTC是由世界衛(wèi)生組織制定的，并且是由世界衛(wèi)生大會(huì)的成員們?nèi)ツ昱鷾?zhǔn)的，其中包括美國(guó)。批準(zhǔn)該協(xié)議的國(guó)家將被要求制定嚴(yán)格的煙草控制政策。

　　例如，在那些國(guó)家出售的香煙將必須在每包煙的正反面至少30%的地方注明吸煙有害健康的警告。這個(gè)協(xié)議呼吁對(duì)煙草收取更多的稅，限制在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙和進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)禁止煙草的計(jì)劃。它還要求禁止煙草廣告，但是對(duì)像美國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家有例外，這些國(guó)家的憲法禁止這么直率的禁令。

　　這個(gè)協(xié)議的影響可能是巨大的。世界衛(wèi)生組織估計(jì)世界上每年有500萬(wàn)人因?yàn)槲鼰煻劳?。僅在美國(guó)，每年大約有44萬(wàn)人死于與煙草相關(guān)的疾病;美國(guó)所有的癌癥中約有1/3是因?yàn)槲鼰煂?dǎo)致的。如果目前的趨勢(shì)持續(xù)的話，世界衛(wèi)生組織估計(jì)，到2025年煙草將每年奪取一千萬(wàn)人的生命。

　　這個(gè)協(xié)議至少被40個(gè)國(guó)家批準(zhǔn)才能生效。到目前為止，109個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)簽訂了這個(gè)協(xié)議，12個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了它。