新概念英語第三冊語法總結(jié)：名詞性從句

王牌要點：通常由 that或疑問詞導出。

1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.(主語從句)

2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.(賓語從句)

3. The problem is what we'll do next.(表語從句)

4. We have no idea that he has come back.(同位語從句)同位語(Appositive)：同位語是英語語法的重點內(nèi)容，也是各類考試中的一個考點，同時，在寫作中正確運用同位語可以使你的句型更加簡潔得體?！缎赂拍钣⒄Z》 第三冊第一課有這樣一個句子： When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.(當倫敦動物園接到報告說，在倫敦以南45英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時，這些報告并沒有受到重視。)

在這里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London就是同位語從句，它本來應(yīng)該放在 “reports”后面，這里卻被放在了謂語成分 came into London zoo的后面，目的是讓句型顯得更為穩(wěn)重。I.簡單記憶：同位語從句，就是對某些名詞做進一步的解釋的句子。

I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday. (that 引導的句子解釋了news的內(nèi)容，注意：that不做任何成分)

We have to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad. (that 引導的句子解釋了fact的內(nèi)容)II.聯(lián)想記憶：

能接同位詞從句的名詞有：belief(信仰)，fact，idea，doubt，rumor(謠言)，evidence(證據(jù))，conclusion(結(jié)論)，suggestion(建議)，problem，order，answer，discovery(發(fā) 現(xiàn))explanation(解釋)，principle(原則)，possibility(可能性)，truth，promise(承諾)，report(報告)，statement(聲明)，knowledge(知識)，opinion(觀點)，likelihood(可能性)III.王牌要點：

● 同位語一般由that引導，但也可以用關(guān)系代詞which, who, what和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how或 whether 引導。

There arouse the question whether we could win the game.

I have no idea howto explain it.● 一些介詞詞組后面也能引導同位語從句。(非常經(jīng)典之功能句式，可用于四六級和托福作文，不妨一試!)

on the assumption(在……前提下)，

on the ground(由于……原因)，

on the condition that(在……條件下)，

with the exception(有……例外)

owing to the fact(由于……事實)，

on the understanding(基于……理解)

e.g. The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa. (那位年輕的女士答應(yīng)嫁給那位老頭，條件是他給她買一幢別墅。)IV.分隔式同位語從句

為了使句型平衡不至于頭重腳輕，有時同位語從句可以放到句子的末尾，(讀兩遍此定義，然后看倒句：)

An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter.

I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie "Titanic".V. 同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別

簡單記憶：定語從句的引導詞 that 或 which在句子中用作主語或賓語，而同位語從句的引導詞that只起連接主句和從句之作用，不用作任何成分。

e.g. I've got an answer that A is right. (同位語從句，that 不做成分)

I've got an answer that surprised me a lot.(定語從句，that做定語從句的主語)VI.王牌重點：可以充當同位語的詞組或短語。

1)名詞短語。(使句型更為簡潔)

Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an official visit in 1998.

Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature history.2)動名詞詞組亦可用作同位語：別忘了加逗號。(使句型更為流暢)

I'm crazy about the game, playing baseball.

Going to concert, that sounds a great idea.3)不定式短語。(陌生只是掌握的開始)

The problem what to do next remains unsolved.

Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie.4)形容詞詞組。(有逗號隔開)

All the workers, young or old, should be treated equally.

Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity.VII. 同位語的引導詞。(重要!這是中高級寫作中不可缺少的引導成分)

引導詞用來表示同位語與它所說明的同位成分之間的關(guān)系：

1.namely, that it is, that is to say(也就是說), in other words(換句話說), or, for short 表示等同關(guān)系。

2.such as, say, so to speak(譬如說), including(包括), for instance(或 for example (e.g. / eg)，表示舉例和列舉關(guān)系。

3.especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly表示突出重點，(在高難度閱讀中表示后面的部分為更重要或更突出的部分，是出題的關(guān)鍵點。)