新概念英語第二冊(cè)語法總結(jié)：名詞

名詞：(一)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)

1.規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式：

在單數(shù)名詞后加“s” day → days week → weeks2.在以 o, s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾的名詞后加“es”。

hero → heroes box → boxes class → classes

bush → bushes watch → watches3.黃金重點(diǎn)：

I.有些以o結(jié)尾的外來詞或縮略詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加“s”。

II.以元音字母加o結(jié)尾的單詞只加“s”。(不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，請(qǐng)你查詞典，懶惰是學(xué)英語的唯一大忌。)

piano，photo，zero，radio，bamboo，tobacco，solo，cuckoo，dynamo，cameo，soprano教你一招 ☆

如果以O(shè)結(jié)尾的名詞有生命力，則該詞匯一般加-es。

hero，tomato，potato，Negro(黑人)[ 簡記：黑人英雄吃西紅柿馬鈴薯。]4.以輔音加y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加“es”

family → families city → cities5.y前面是元音字母只加“s”

key → keys boy → boys play → plays toy → toys6.以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變 f / fe為 v加 es。

calf → calves knife → knives۩ 當(dāng)心當(dāng)心：

I.下列名詞直接加“s”。(請(qǐng)大聲朗讀三遍，然后背下。注意讀音!)

roof(房頂)，reef(暗礁)，chief(首領(lǐng))，cliff(懸崖)，grief(悲痛)，turf(草皮)， belief(信仰)，gulf(港灣)，dwarf(侏儒)，safe(保險(xiǎn)箱)，sheriff(長官)，tariff(關(guān)稅)

II.scarf(頭巾)，wharf(碼頭)，staff(全體職員)，handkerchief(手帕)和 hoof(蹄)既可直接加“s”，又可變 f為 v加 es.(二)不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式1. foot → feet mouse → mice goose → geese child → children ox → oxen louse → lice woman → women man → men2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形：

sheep, deer, fish, means, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, works,

barracks(兵營) bellows(風(fēng)箱) kennels(狗窩)3.一些英語外來詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：

crisis→crises 危機(jī)

analysis→analyses 分析

oasis→oases 綠洲

parenthesis→parentheses 括號(hào)

axis→axes 軸心

ellipsis→ellipses 日蝕

hypothesis→hypotheses 假定

synopsis→synopses 內(nèi)容提要

erratum→errata 勘誤誤表

addendum→addenda 補(bǔ)遺、附錄

medium→media 媒體

(以上單詞熟悉即可)(三)復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

1.中間沒有連字符的合成名詞在詞尾變復(fù)數(shù)：

bookshelf→bookshelves handful→handfuls2.man和 woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，二者均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。

man servant → men servants

woman teache r→ women teachers3.中間有連字符的合成次，在主體詞(中心意義的詞)末尾變復(fù)數(shù)：

sister-in-law → sisters-in-law

looker-on → lookers-on

editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief4.下列合成名詞在后一個(gè)詞上變化：

sit-in→sit-ins, grown-up→grown-ups

stand-by→stand-bys touch-me-not→touch-me-nots

go-between→go-betweens(四)名詞所有格1.在大多數(shù)名詞末加“'s”

the boy's toy, men's work2.以 s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞直接加“'”

the students' reading room3.以 s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞加“'”

Dickens' novels the actress' performance4.合成名詞在最后一個(gè)詞上加“s”

her brother-in-law's piano.

Somebody else's books. (重要!)

【金牌重點(diǎn)】除用于有生命的人外，“'s”格還可用于度量衡、地域、天體及一些習(xí)語中：

an hour's drive, a mile's journey

ten pounds' weight, Beijing's weather

the earth's surface

a stone's throw 投石之距離

at one's wits end 智窮計(jì)盡

to one's heart's content 盡情地

by a hair's breadth 千鈞一發(fā)

at a snail's pace 緩慢地5.雙重所有格：

如果被修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞修飾。則要采用雙重所有格。

a friend of mine (名詞性物主代詞)

a child of hers

the love poems of your sister's

注意區(qū)別：

● a portrait of her mother 她母親的畫像(畫中人)

● a portrait of her mother's 她母親擁有的畫像中的一幅(不一定是她母親的畫像)測試精編1. Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.

A. shoes store B. shoe's store C. shoe store D. shoes' store2. As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ________ bill.

A. ten-dollar B. ten-dollars

C. tens-dollar D. ten-dollar's3. Recently, he has lost all his ________ at cards.

A. wage and saving B. wages and saving

C. wage and savings D. wages and savings4. I want ________ .

A. a dollar worth candy B. candy a dollar's worth

C. a dollar's worth of candy D. a dollar worth's candy5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect on his development.

A. have B. had C. do D. has(后設(shè)答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)KEYS1. C 2.A 3.D 4. C 5.A