新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞的變化

1)代詞及be動(dòng)詞

主格 I we you you she/he/it they

賓格 me us you you her/him/it them

代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is are

be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were2)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys

規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches

規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes

規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves

規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies3)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks

規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh和o結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies4)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping5)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化

規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾的加-d e.g. close-closed, arrive-arrived

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped 過(guò)去式的讀音

在清輔音后面(除外)讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped

在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched

在/t/，/d/后讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated6)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 比較級(jí)

規(guī)則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-r nice-nicer

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter 最高級(jí)

規(guī)則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest

規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾加-st nice-nicest

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est busy-busiest

規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest7)常見縮寫：

is='s I am=I'm are='re

is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

do not=don't

does not=doesn't

was='s

did not=didn't

can not=can't

have='ve

has='s

have not=haven't

has not=hasn't

will='ll

will not=won't

shall not=shan't