2020年公共英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題二

Since his election last May, French President Emmanuel Macron has tried to, and maybe believed he could, bend Donald Trump's convictions. Macron sought to turn the U. S. president away from nationalism, protectionism, and climate-change skepticism and toward his own vision of a world in which strong, sovereign nations collaborate to find multilateral(多方面的)solutions to transnational problems. At first he attempted to become Trump's best friend. But now he approaches the U. S. president with a tone that sounds almost injured.

During an appearance with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau before the leaders of the Group of Seven industrialized democracies gathered in Quebec, Emmanuel Macron didn't just reflect on the policies that put Trump at odds with many of the other participants, though there are plenty of those. The leader of America's oldest ally also stated that the U. S. needed to be persuaded to remain in the community of nationsn一to stay not in the narrow confines of the Paris accord or the Iran deal or some free-trade agreement with the European Union, not even in the broader transatlantic alliance, but in the broadest dimension of the civilized world.

Ahead of the G7 meeting—which includes Canada, the United States, Japan, France, Italy, Germany ,and the United Kingdom—he noted that while Trump may not “ mind being isolated，'‘ the other " six countries represent shared values” and "true international force. " He vowed to “fight hegemony,n which he defined as the u survival of the fittestn , a concept he has previously associated with those who practice unilateralist foreign policy. " Hegemony，'‘ Macron said, spells “ the end of the rule of law. ”

And Macron, it turns out, has company. On Friday, European Council President Donald Tusk, who warned days into the Trump administration that the new American president posed a threat to European unity ,arrived in Quebec for the G7 summit and reported that the threat, in fact, was actually much bigger than that. The "rules-based international order is being challenged,n he argued——“not by the usual suspects, but by its main architect and guarantor: the U. S."

"We cannot force the U. S. to change their minds,” Tusk noted. "At the same time, we will not stop trying to convince our American friends and President Trump that undermining (暗中破壞)this order makes no sense at all. Because it would only play into the hands of those who seek a new, post-West order, where liberal democracy and fundamental freedoms would cease to exist. This is in the interest of neither the U. S. nor Europe. This order and these values are worth fighting for. " Tusk insisted, " They define our way of life."

1. According to Paragraph 1, what did French president Emmanuel Macron try to do?

A) He criticizes Donald Trump's personal behavior.

B) He wishes to cooperate with Donald Trump.

C) He is concerned about the development of the world.

D) He attempts to change Donald Trump's views.

2. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A) Macron humiliated Donald Trump in front of the seven leaders.

B) Donald Trump's policies encountered many leaders5 opposition.

C) Macron persuaded other leaders to stand on his side.

D) Justin Trudeau agitated the leaders against Trump's ridiculous policy.

3. The word "spell" ( Line 5, Para. 3) probably means .

A) indicate B) relieve

C) eliminate D) alleviate

4. According to Donald Tusk, the threat posed by Donald Trump is .

A) America being isolated

B) America being extruded from the G7

C) the establishment of a new international order

D) the rules-based international order being broken

5. It can be inferred from last paragraph that Tusk views building a new order with .

A) passive acceptance B) severe criticism

C) slight hesitancy D) full indifference

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答案解析

自去年 5 月馬克龍當(dāng)選法國(guó)總統(tǒng)以來, 他一直在嘗試著改變特朗普的種種執(zhí)念,可能是覺得自己有這實(shí)力吧。 馬克龍一直在試圖改變美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的國(guó)家主義、保護(hù)主義、氣候變化懷疑主義的論調(diào),想讓其認(rèn)同自己對(duì)世界的愿景:強(qiáng)大的主權(quán)國(guó)家應(yīng)攜手合作,以多邊方案解決國(guó)家間的矛盾。 最開始,他還嘗試著與特朗普成為朋友,但他放棄了。 現(xiàn)在他與美國(guó)總統(tǒng)聊天時(shí),經(jīng)常冷嘲熱諷,話中帶刺。

七國(guó)集團(tuán)成員國(guó)的元首到達(dá)魁北克之前, 加拿大總理賈斯汀· 特魯多首次露面之時(shí),馬克龍故意在眾多領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人面前,把特朗普所制定的多個(gè)與其他成員國(guó)元首意見相左的政策又搬上了臺(tái)面討論。 美國(guó)最老盟友的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人表示,美國(guó)需要有人來說服他們留在“ 國(guó)際社會(huì)” 中———不是留在狹義層面的與歐盟締結(jié)的巴黎協(xié)定或是伊朗協(xié)議或者其他自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中,也不是在更廣義上的跨大西洋聯(lián)盟中,而是留在最廣義的文明世界中。

早在 G7( 包括加拿大、美國(guó)、日本、法國(guó)、意大利、德國(guó)、英國(guó)) 峰會(huì)召開之前,馬克龍就指出, 特朗普可能并不“ 在意被孤立”,而其他的“ 6 個(gè)成員國(guó)則代表了共同的價(jià)值觀” 和“ 真正的國(guó)際力量”。 他呼吁要“ 同霸權(quán)主義抗?fàn)幍降?rdquo;,他認(rèn)為“ 霸權(quán)主義” 就等同于“ 適者生存”。 他之前也會(huì)把這一概念與那些實(shí)行單邊主義外交政策的人聯(lián)系起來。 (48) 馬克龍說:“ 霸權(quán)主義,就意味著法制社會(huì)的終結(jié)。”

事實(shí)上馬卡龍是有支持者的。 歐盟理事會(huì)主席多納爾德·圖斯克多日以來一直警告說,美國(guó)的新總統(tǒng)特朗普政府會(huì)對(duì)歐洲的團(tuán)結(jié)造成威脅。 他于周五抵達(dá)魁北克參加 G7 峰會(huì),并且在會(huì)上強(qiáng)調(diào),事實(shí)上威脅遠(yuǎn)不止如此。 ( 49) 他警告道:“ 基于規(guī)則的國(guó)際秩序正面臨挑戰(zhàn),挑戰(zhàn)它的不是別人,正是這個(gè)秩序的締造者和保證者———美國(guó)。”

圖斯克指出,“ 我們沒法強(qiáng)迫美國(guó)改變主意, 但與此同時(shí),我們也不會(huì)放棄說服我們的美國(guó)朋友和特朗普總統(tǒng),削弱這一秩序毫無意義。 因?yàn)檫@樣只會(huì)讓那些想要一個(gè)新的后西方秩序的人有了可乘之機(jī),那樣的話自由民主和最基本的自由都將不復(fù)存在。 ( 50) 這不符合美國(guó)與歐洲的共同利益。” 這種秩序和這些價(jià)值觀值得我們?nèi)ズ葱l(wèi),圖斯克強(qiáng)調(diào)道:“ 因?yàn)樗麄兌x了我們的生活方式。”

1. 【答案】 D)

【詳解】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 首先根據(jù)題干可以把此題定位在第一段。 文中首段句中提到 French President Emmanuel Macron has tried to, and maybe believed he could, bend Donald Trumps convictions. 從而可得知法國(guó)總統(tǒng)馬克龍嘗試

改變特朗普的各種執(zhí)念, 即后面提到的 na- tionalism, protectionism, and climate-change skepticism,因此本題的正確答案應(yīng)選擇選項(xiàng)

D)。 選項(xiàng) A) “ 他批評(píng)了特朗普的個(gè)人行為”,馬克龍重在批評(píng)他的政治觀點(diǎn)而非他的個(gè)人行為。 選項(xiàng) B)“ 他希望與特朗普合作”,文中提到最初馬克龍希望與特朗普合作但是后來他放棄了。 選項(xiàng) C) “ 他關(guān)心世界未來的發(fā)展” 這一點(diǎn)未在文中提及。

2. 【答案】 B)

【詳解】判斷推理題。 根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段。 第二段中提到the policies that put Trump at odds with many of the other partici- pants,從而可知特朗普的政策與七國(guó)集團(tuán)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們的意見不一致,他的政策遭到了各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的反對(duì),因此可知 B) 為正確選項(xiàng)。 選項(xiàng) A)“ 他當(dāng)眾侮辱了特朗普” 和文章內(nèi)容不符,根據(jù)原文可知他只是將特朗普的觀點(diǎn)拿出來進(jìn)行討論, 并沒有對(duì)特朗普進(jìn)行侮辱。選項(xiàng) C)“ 他說服各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)站在他這一邊” 未在文中提及。 選項(xiàng) D)“ 賈斯汀·特魯多煽動(dòng)各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)反對(duì)特朗普荒謬的政策” 也未提到。

3. 【答案】 A)

【詳解】 詞匯題。 第三段中提到 He vowed to “ fight hegemony,” which he defined as the “ survival of the fittest,” a concept he has previ- ously associated with those who practice unilater- alist foreign policy. 也就是說他反對(duì)霸權(quán)主義,并且霸權(quán)主義和單邊主義相關(guān),因此可推斷 Hegemony spells “ the end of the rule of law. ” 意思為霸權(quán)主義意味著法治社會(huì)的終結(jié),因此選項(xiàng) A) “ 表明、預(yù)示” 為正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng) B)“ 減輕”,選項(xiàng) C)“ 消除”,選項(xiàng) D)“ 緩和” 均不符合語境。

4. 【答案】 D)

【詳解】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 根據(jù)題干所提到的Don- ald Tusk 可定位到第四段,在第四段中 Donald Tusk 提到 the new American president posed a threat to European unity,美國(guó)的新總統(tǒng)對(duì)歐洲的團(tuán)結(jié)造成威脅,并且rules-based international order is being challenged( 基于規(guī)則的國(guó)際秩序面臨著挑戰(zhàn)),因此可知美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的政策會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康的國(guó)際秩序被打破進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致歐洲的不和諧,即 D) 為正確選項(xiàng)。 選項(xiàng) A) “ 美國(guó)被孤立”,選項(xiàng) B)“ 美國(guó)被逐出七國(guó)成員”,選項(xiàng) 　C)“ 新秩序的建立” 均不符合文意。

5. 【答案】 B)

【詳解】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題一般要從段落的開頭或者末尾找答案。 根據(jù)最后一段的末尾可知 This is in the interest of neither the U. S. nor Europe. This order and these values are worth fighting for, Tusk insisted. 在這句話中 the order and these values 指的是舊的基于規(guī)則的秩序,因此新的秩序會(huì)導(dǎo)致民主和自 由的消亡,這不符合美國(guó)和歐洲的共同利益, 因此要維護(hù)舊的有規(guī)則的秩序,所以選項(xiàng) B) 正確。 選項(xiàng) A)“ 被動(dòng)接受”,選項(xiàng) C) “ 輕微的猶豫”,選項(xiàng) D) “ 完全的漠不關(guān)心” 均不符合語境。

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