2022年上半年公共英語備考試題：補(bǔ)全文章

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There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding.31 The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else.32Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don' t have any difficulty in .gaining the new information, for our understanding was equal to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.

The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely un- derstand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader' s understanding.33Otherwise one per- son could never learn from another. Here "learning" means understanding more, not remembering more information.

What are the conditions in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding.34Besides, his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Sec-ond, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is approached, success of communication is achieved.

35It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for under- standing or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.

A. The writer should have a better communicating skill.

B. Such communication between unequals must be possible.

C. We can get access to the content of those materials easily.

D. The writer must be "superior" to the reader in understanding.

E. Thus, we can employ the word "reading" in two distinct senses.

F. Reading for entertainment is capable of increasing our understanding for information.

G. Besides gaining information and understanding, there' s another goal of reading-enter-tainment.

補(bǔ)全文章參考譯文

為了獲取信息而閱讀和為了理解而閱讀之間是有區(qū)別的。所以，我們在使用“閱讀”一詞的時(shí)候有兩種不同的意思。

第一種閱讀是讀報(bào)紙、雜志等的閱讀。我們輕易地就能抓住這些材料的內(nèi)容。這些材料能增加我們的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備，但卻不能提高我們的認(rèn)識(shí)。而且顯然我們在獲取新信息的時(shí)候沒有任何困難，因?yàn)樵陂_始閱讀之前，我們的理解力和這些材料就是等同的。否則，我們會(huì)感到困惑而震驚。第二種閱讀指的是讀那些我們不能一下子完全理解的東西。這里需要讀的東西一開始要優(yōu)于或說高于讀者的理解。作者想要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容能夠提升讀者的認(rèn)識(shí)。這種不平等的人之間的交流一定是有可能的。否則一個(gè)人就不能從另一個(gè)人那里學(xué)到東西。這里“學(xué)”指的是理解得更多，而不是記住更多信息。

這種閱讀是在什么狀況下發(fā)生的呢?首先，兩者的認(rèn)識(shí)之間存在差異。作者的認(rèn)識(shí)一定要“優(yōu)于”讀者。此外，他的書里一定要傳達(dá)一種潛在讀者缺乏的東西。第二。讀者在一定程度上要克服這種差異。而且他要一直試圖追上作者的認(rèn)識(shí)水平。如果等夠達(dá)到等同，那幺就實(shí)現(xiàn)了成功的交流。

除了獲取信息和提高認(rèn)識(shí)，閱讀還有一種目的——消遣。這是最輕松，需要花費(fèi)力氣最少的閱讀。每個(gè)人都知道如何進(jìn)行消遣性的閱讀。實(shí)際上，任何能拿來提高認(rèn)識(shí)和獲取信息的書大概也能用來消遣閱讀。

答案及解析

31.E【解析】根據(jù)第二段第一句的“The first sense is the one...”和第三段第一句的“The second sense is the one in which we…”可知E選項(xiàng)符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。

32.C【解析】下文中提到“Such materials may increase our store of infor-marion，but they cannot improve our understanding.”，而且選項(xiàng)C也提到了materials一詞，故選C項(xiàng)。

33.B【解析】前面兩句中說作家的作品中有些讀者不知道的內(nèi)容，是需要讀者認(rèn)真領(lǐng)會(huì)的，因而作家與讀者在知識(shí)上是不對等的(une.quals)?？崭窈蟮木渥覱therwise one person could never leam fromanother.表示“否則一個(gè)人不可能從另一個(gè)人那里學(xué)到東西”，該句也解釋了unequals(兩個(gè)水平不同的人)的含義。同時(shí)，從行文上看，空前一句提到了communicating，而只有B項(xiàng)中的suchcommunication與之銜接緊密。

34.D【解析】D選項(xiàng)The writer must be“superior”to the reader in under-standing(作者必須比讀者的理解力強(qiáng))與本段第二句“First，thereis inequality in understanding.”相符。故選D項(xiàng)。

35.G【解析】下文內(nèi)容是上文內(nèi)容的一個(gè)延續(xù)，與上文為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以用besides開頭。本段后面出現(xiàn)了兩次entertainment也提示答案為G項(xiàng)。

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