2019年自考英語(yǔ)（二）考前重點(diǎn)筆記（1）
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2019年自考英語(yǔ)（二）考前重點(diǎn)筆記（1）
1.主謂一致的三條原則
(1)語(yǔ)法一致，即在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致。
Human beings enjoy learning.
Everybody’s understanding is incomplete.
(2)意義一致，即根據(jù)意義來處理一致關(guān)系。
The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.
Ten dollars was a lot of money at that time.
(3)就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。
There is a pen,two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.
Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.
2.集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)與動(dòng)詞的一致
(1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為furniture,equipment,machinery等詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
The furniture in that shop is all made in China.
Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.
(2)集體名詞如people,cattle,police,poultry等往往作復(fù)數(shù)用。
Some people drive madly in this country.
Many cattle have died because of the flood.
(3)family,government,class,committee,audience,team,public等詞被視作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);被視為構(gòu)成整體的個(gè)體時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞則為復(fù)數(shù)。
His family is a happy one.
His family are all interested in stamp?collecting
3.并列主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞的一致
(1)當(dāng)“名詞+名詞”表示一種事物時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式。
Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.
(2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是由and,both...and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，如果主語(yǔ)所指的不是一種事物，動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Jack and Mary are in love with each other.
Both Tom and John are absent today.
(3)在由or 或 nor 連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式一般與or 或 nor 后面的名詞或代詞保持一致。
He or his brothers are to blame for this.
Neither she nor you are mistaken.
(4)not only...but also 連接的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依據(jù) but also 后的名詞或代詞。
Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog.
Not only the boys but also their mother is very ill.
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