自考英語(yǔ)二復(fù)習(xí)資料之第一章(上)

重點(diǎn)單詞擴(kuò)充講解：

1. organizational: a 組織上的

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：organize: v 組織； organization: n 組織； organizer: n 組織者

請(qǐng)看下列習(xí)題，選擇該組詞里恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：

1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.

2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.

3). China has joined World Trade __________.

4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.

Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer

2. objective: n 目標(biāo)； a 客觀(guān)的，反義詞subjective: 主觀(guān)的

3. predict: v 預(yù)言、預(yù)示；

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：prediction: n 預(yù)言； predictable: a 可預(yù)測(cè)的； predictor: n 預(yù)言家

4. simplify: v 簡(jiǎn)化

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：simple: a 簡(jiǎn)單的； simply: ad 簡(jiǎn)單地，僅僅地； simplification: n 簡(jiǎn)化； simplified: a 被簡(jiǎn)化的。

Exercises for the above words:

1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.

2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.

3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______ a question of procedure.

4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor.
Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification

5. tendency: n 趨勢(shì)、傾向；tend : v 傾向于。。。， tend to do sth

e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.
Or old people tend to get fatter.

6. managerial: a 經(jīng)理的、經(jīng)營(yíng)上的；

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：manage: v管理、經(jīng)營(yíng)； management: n; manager: n 經(jīng)營(yíng)者，管理者； manageable: a 可管理的、可經(jīng)營(yíng)的。

7. argue: v 爭(zhēng)辯、爭(zhēng)論，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人爭(zhēng)論； argue sb into doing sth說(shuō)服某人做某事； argue sb out of doing sth說(shuō)服某人不要做某事。

e.g. 1>. The young couple always argue with each other over their child’s
education.
2>. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.

8. define: v 給…下定義； definition: n 定義

9. profitability: n 賺錢(qián)， 獲利

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：profit: n 利潤(rùn)； profitable: a 有利可圖的, 有好處的；
 profitless: a 沒(méi)有利潤(rùn)的。

1). He has made a _____ from running a small restaurant.

2). The deal was ______ to all of us.

3). They valued _______ differently, which led to disagreement as to the correctness of decision.

Answer: profit,  profitable;  profitability.

10. correctness: n 正確性； 字根：correct: a 正確的； v 糾正， correction: n 糾正； incorrect: a 不正確的。

11. unintended: a 非計(jì)劃中的，

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：intend: v 打算，計(jì)劃；intention: n ； intended: a 計(jì)劃中的

    更多自考英語(yǔ)信息請(qǐng)關(guān)注:

    2008年高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)招生簡(jiǎn)章 
    環(huán)球網(wǎng)校自考英語(yǔ)頻道
    百度自考英語(yǔ)

課文難句講解、分析

1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.(p1)

譯：決策就是從幾種可以選擇的做法中作出選擇。

分析：該句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。made from among alternative courses of action that are available是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)修飾a choice; 其中that are available是定語(yǔ)從句修飾courses of action.

像這樣一環(huán)修飾一環(huán)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)在英文中很普遍，因此為了看懂句子大家必須學(xué)會(huì)分析。這是整個(gè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中很重要的能力！

2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. (p1)

譯：做出決策的原因是因?yàn)榇嬖趩?wèn)題，目標(biāo)或目的有錯(cuò)誤，或者有某種東西防礙著它們的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
分析：該句又是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。That引導(dǎo)三個(gè)并列的表語(yǔ)從句，①a problem exists，②goals or objectives are wrong；③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。 短語(yǔ)：make a decision:做出決策；stand in the way: 阻擋、防礙

3. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2)

譯：通常管理者必須對(duì)未來(lái)的情況做出最佳預(yù)測(cè)，從而使偶然性盡可能少地發(fā)生，但因?yàn)椴淮_定性總是存在，所以決策常伴隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

分析：前半句是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。what the future will be是at的賓語(yǔ)；as little as possible做leave的賓語(yǔ)；since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于because.

4. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)

譯：如果沒(méi)有選擇，就不會(huì)有決策。

分析：這是一句很簡(jiǎn)單的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，但它有一個(gè)很重要的考點(diǎn)：to be made。這是動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)修飾decision，有將來(lái)意味。比如：The last question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.

5. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)

譯：對(duì)于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律以及慣例等因素制約。

分析：這句話(huà)的考點(diǎn)是based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like。同樣是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)修飾constraints。其中詞組：base…on以。。。為基礎(chǔ)。 如：The film is based on s short story by Jack London.

6. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4)

譯：但是這種簡(jiǎn)化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的方法。

分析：該句主語(yǔ)the tendency to simplify，謂語(yǔ)blinds; them是賓語(yǔ)。to simplify是定語(yǔ)，修飾the tendency；to other alternatives是賓補(bǔ)。其中短語(yǔ)：blind sb to sth:使。。?？床灰?jiàn)。。。；

we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to the facts.

7. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)

譯：因?yàn)閭€(gè)人（和組織）關(guān)于如何達(dá)到目的常有不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，哪種是最優(yōu)的選擇可能要看是誰(shuí)做出決策。

分析：這是一個(gè)由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。其中how to attain the goals做介詞about的賓語(yǔ)，who makes the decision做介詞on的賓語(yǔ)。

8. Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. (p7 line 2--4)

譯：其中有一些目標(biāo)比其它的更重要，但其順序和重要程度因人和不同的部門(mén)而異。

分析：請(qǐng)注意比較級(jí)more important than，詞組：vary from person to person譯成中文：因人而異，可以推出：因季節(jié)而異vary from season to season….

9. When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on. (p7 line 5--7)
譯：當(dāng)面對(duì)同一件日常事情時(shí)，銷(xiāo)售經(jīng)理傾向于看銷(xiāo)售問(wèn)題，而生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理則會(huì)看生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，等等。

分析：前半部分為常考內(nèi)容，它是when + 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)部分。其中詞組：
be presented with = be faced with當(dāng)面對(duì)。。。

When faced with difficulties, we should be brave..

10. People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. (p9)

譯：人們經(jīng)常假設(shè)一項(xiàng)決策是孤立的現(xiàn)象。

分析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單：主謂賓（從句）。其中assume: = imagine; isolated: adj 孤立的。
phenomenon: n 現(xiàn)象；復(fù)數(shù)變化較特殊：phenomena.

    更多自考英語(yǔ)信息請(qǐng)關(guān)注:

    2008年高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)招生簡(jiǎn)章 
    環(huán)球網(wǎng)校自考英語(yǔ)頻道
    百度自考英語(yǔ)