2012年自考英語復(fù)習(xí)資料:語法總結(jié)(八)
4)不定式作補(bǔ)語:$lesson$
?、俨欢ㄊ娇梢院兔~或代詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作動(dòng)詞的賓語,這時(shí)不定式被稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。如:
I would like you to help me with my English exercises. 我想請(qǐng)你幫我做英語練習(xí)。
I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon. 我從來沒想到鞋子這么快就穿破了。
注意:動(dòng)詞help后面接不定式作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語可以帶to也可以不帶to.如:
Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box? 誰能幫我拎這個(gè)重箱子?
②在make,let,have等使役動(dòng)詞和see,watch,notice,hear,feel等感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語中,動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to.
I often hear her sing in the next room. 我經(jīng)常聽到她在隔壁唱歌。轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
They make the baby go to bed at 7:00 p.m. every day. 他們每天讓孩子晚上7:00上床睡覺。
注意:get,leave等詞也有“讓”“叫”的意思,和使役動(dòng)詞意思相近,但它們后面的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語必須要有to.如:
I'll get him to try it again. 我將讓他再試一次。
How could you leave him to have supper with a stranger?
你怎么讓他跟一個(gè)陌生人一起吃晚飯?
注意:當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),不定式就成了主語補(bǔ)語,作主語補(bǔ)語的不定式必須加to.如:
Though he had often made his little sister cry,today he was made to cry by his little sister. 盡管他經(jīng)常弄哭他的小妹妹,但今天他卻被他的小妹妹弄哭了。
He is often heard to sing the song. 經(jīng)常有人聽到他唱這首歌。
?、踭hink,consider,believe,declare,suppose,find,imagine,know,understand,take,prove,feel等動(dòng)詞后面接的不定式短語作補(bǔ)語多由to be+形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成,think,consider,find后的to be??墒÷浴H纾?/P>
When he woke up,she found herself (to be ) badly injured.
她醒來的時(shí)候,發(fā)現(xiàn)自己受了重傷。
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
我第一次見到她的時(shí)候就認(rèn)為她人很好,很誠(chéng)實(shí)。轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
含有此類復(fù)合賓語的句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),不定式同樣被稱之為主語補(bǔ)足語。如:
The young man was considered to have great promise. 這個(gè)年輕人被認(rèn)為大有前途。
The situation was found to be quite encouraging. 形勢(shì)看來很使人鼓舞。
④以be said,be reported,be known,seem,happen,prove,appear等構(gòu)成謂語的句子中,動(dòng)詞不定式通常也可看作主語補(bǔ)語。如:
More than 20 people were reported to have been killed in the accident.
據(jù)報(bào)道,有20多個(gè)人死于事故。
I happened to be talking with him when he was hit by a car. 他被汽車撞的時(shí)候,我碰巧在和他談話。
5)不定式作定語:
不定式在句中作定語通常放在其所修飾的名詞或代詞之后,以下幾種情況常用不定式作定語:
①能帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞,其同源名詞可以帶不定式作定語,常見的有attempt,decision,promise,plan,intention,failure,wish,determination等。如:
He hasn't kept his promise to write to his parents regularly. 他沒有遵守諾言定期給他父母親寫信。
My wish to be a teacher is quite understandable. 我想成為一個(gè)教師的愿望是可以理解的。
②常與不定式搭配的形容詞,其同源名詞一般可以帶不定式作定語,常見的有ability,anxiety,eagerness,ambition等。如:
His eagerness to finish his work in time was quite obvious.他急切地想準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成工作是很明顯的。
We admire his ability to speak a foreign language so well.
我們欣賞他能把一門外語說得這么好。
?、坌驍?shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被only,last,next等詞修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語。如:
He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.他總是第一個(gè)來最后一個(gè)離開。
The next person to attend the meeting is Dr. Baker.下一個(gè)出席會(huì)議的人是貝克先生。
④還有一些名詞經(jīng)常帶不定式作定語。如:person,man,thing,something,anything,nothing,time,way,reason,chance,courage,opportunity等。如:
We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.
我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該有勇氣面對(duì)任何困難。
He had no reason to leave his friends and live alone on the island.
他沒有理由離開他的朋友獨(dú)自住到島上去。
?、莶欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ時(shí),有時(shí)與被修飾的名詞之間有意義上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,如果該不定式動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,它后面需加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如:
There is nothing to worry about. 沒什么可擔(dān)心的。
There are many interesting books to choose from,but I don't know which to borrow. 有很多有趣的書可以挑選,但我不知道該借哪一本。
6)不定式作狀語:
不定式作狀語可以表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。
① 不定式作目的狀語,有時(shí)也可以用in order (not) to,so as (not) to結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
In order to protect the young plants from the sun,Mother put them in the shade.
為了保護(hù)幼苗不被太陽曬壞,媽媽把它們放到了陰涼處。
He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school again.
今天早上他起身很早以免上學(xué)再遲到。
注意:so as (not) to do不可以置于句首。
?、诓欢ㄊ阶鹘Y(jié)果狀語,常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有too…to,enough…to,so…as to,such…as to,only to…等。如:
The question is too difficult for me to answer. 對(duì)我來說,這個(gè)問題很難回答。
He said he was clever enough to deal with it by himself.他說他足夠聰明可以獨(dú)自應(yīng)付這件事。
Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio? 請(qǐng)你幫我把收音機(jī)調(diào)低一點(diǎn)好嗎?
He woke up only to find himself in hospital. 他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。
注意:too…to通常表示太……而不……,但在下列句子中沒有否定的意思。
She is only too glad to stay at home. 她太想留在家里了。
He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考試結(jié)果。
③不定式作原因狀語,通常用來修飾表示情感、心理狀態(tài)、性格等的形容詞。常見的形容詞有:happy,glad,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,anxious,ready,quick,slow,cruel,clever,frightened,shocked,sorry,eager,proud,disappointed,foolish,impatient,unwise,naughty等。如:
They are surprised to learn of his death. 得知他死亡的消息,他們很驚訝。
We are proud to be young people of new China. 成為新中國(guó)的青年,我們感到很驕傲。
另外,hard,difficult,easy,fit,comfortable等詞也可以接動(dòng)詞不定式。這時(shí)候,作句子主語的除了是表示人的詞外,還可以是表示物的詞。如:
The water is not fit to drink. 這水不適合飲用。
The room is very comfortable to live in. 這個(gè)房間住起來很舒服。
注意:后兩句中的不定式與句子的主語或賓語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,此時(shí)如果不定式動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則需要帶上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
?2012年1月各地自學(xué)考試報(bào)名時(shí)間匯總
?2012年高教自考網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)課程招生簡(jiǎn)章
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