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自考英語考試輔導(dǎo):寫作大匯總之寫作常識

更新時(shí)間:2012-12-13 11:07:37 來源:|0 瀏覽0收藏0

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  一、圖形種類及概述法:

  泛指一份數(shù)據(jù)圖表:a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table

  餅圖:pie chart

  直方圖或柱形圖:bar chart/histogram

  趨勢曲線圖:line chart/curve diagram

  表格圖:table

  流程圖或過程圖:flow chart/sequence diagram

  程序圖:processing/procedures diagram

  以下是一些較常用的描述用法轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

  The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that)

  According to the table/chart diagram/graph

  As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph

  As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures,

  figures/statistics shows (that)……

  It can be seen from the figures/statistics

  We can see from the figures/statistics

  It is clear from the figures/statistics

  It is apparent from the figures/statistics

  table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ……

  table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how

  二、data的具體表達(dá)法

  data在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段固定不變:fixed in time

  在一系列的時(shí)間段中轉(zhuǎn)變:changes over time

  持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下:

  增加:increase/raise/rise/go up ……轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

  減少:decrease/grow down/drop/fall ……

  波動(dòng):fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave ……

  穩(wěn)定:remain stable/stabilize/level off ……

  最常用的兩種表達(dá)法:

  動(dòng)詞 + 副詞形式(Verb+Adverb form)

  形容詞 + 名詞形式(Adjective+Noun form)

  1. Verb+Adverb form

  The number of XXX

  +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate……

  +insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically

  /sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly……

  +from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間)/between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)

  2. Adjective+Noun form

  There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight

  +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation (注意:上述很多詞不可用于修飾fluctuation)

  +in the number of XXX from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間)/between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)

  描述穩(wěn)定的data:

  The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間)/between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)

  The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間)/between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)

  There was little change/hardly any change/no change in the number of XXX from from

  (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間)/between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間)

  描述不同狀態(tài)的data

  Noun form:

  steady drop/sharp rise peak/dramatic fall/sharp drop

  Verbal form:

  (to) bottom out/(to) reach the bottom/(to) increase gradually/(to) reach a plateau/(to) remain steady

  描述the highest point以及the lowest point

  高點(diǎn)極值:

  The monthly profit/The figures/The situation ……

  +peaked in (月份/年) <準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at XXX> at XXX%/XXX(極點(diǎn)data)

  或者reached a peak/a high point at XXX%/XXX(極點(diǎn)data)

  低點(diǎn)極值:

  XXX bottomed out/reached

  +rock/the bottom/a low point

  或者h(yuǎn)it a trough

  此外,在描述過程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences,最常用的固定搭配如下:

  并列: as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover,

  furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ……

  舉例: for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially

  事實(shí): as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ……

  雷同/近似:similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ……

  轉(zhuǎn)折: however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though,

  while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely,

  in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ……

  原因與結(jié)果

  1. cause-suggestion (幾乎不常用)

  since/now that ……; I hope that……

  because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that……

  2. cause-effect (較常用)

  XXX lead to/bring about/result in/ account for ……

  (一個(gè)句子), therefore/thus/hence/as a result/consequently/(and) so ……

  3. effect-cause (較常用)

  XXX be caused by/result from/be the result of/be the effect of/be the consequence of ……

  (一個(gè)句子), because ……

  it is adj. that ……

  it is unimaginable that ……

  it is undeniable that ……

  it is interesting to discover that ……

  三、其它相關(guān)常用詞(組)

  1. 主章開頭

  圖表類型:table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph

  描述:show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent

  內(nèi)容:figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion

  2. 表示數(shù)據(jù)

  一般:have 10%; at 10%; over 10%

  最高(低)點(diǎn):peaked; reached a peak/high point

  bottomed out; reached the bottom

  變化:recover 略有回升; increase; jump; rise/rose; climb

  decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce

  fluctuate 浮動(dòng),搖擺不定

  remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change

  變化程度:sudden/suddenly 突然的,意外的

  rapid/rapidly 迅速的,飛快的,險(xiǎn)峻的

  dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的,生動(dòng)的

  significant/significantly 有意義的,重大的,重要的

  sharp/sharply 銳利的,明顯的,急劇的

  steep/steeply 急劇升降的

  steady/steadily 穩(wěn)固的,堅(jiān)定不移的

  gradual/gradually 漸進(jìn)的,逐漸的

  slow/slowly 緩慢的,不活躍的

  slight/slightly輕微的、略微地

  stable/stably 穩(wěn)定的

  表示范圍:from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多長時(shí)間直到

  表示程度:almost adv. 幾乎,差不多

  nearly adv. 幾乎,密切地

  approximately adv. 近似的,大約

  about adv. 附近, 大約,轉(zhuǎn)向,左右,周圍

  just over 剛超過

  over adv. 結(jié)束,越過,從頭到尾

  exactly adv. 正確地,嚴(yán)密地

  precisely adv. 正好 精確地;清晰地

  比例:20 per cent 20%

  one in three 1/3

  one out of every four 1/4

  3. 其它在描述中的常用到的詞

  significant changes 圖中一些較大變化

  noticeable trend 明顯趨勢

  during the same period 在同一時(shí)期

  grow/grew 增長

  distribute 分布,區(qū)別

  unequally 不相等地

  pronounced 明顯的

  average 平均

  no doubt 無疑地

  corresponding adj. 相應(yīng)的,通訊的

  represent vt. 闡述,表現(xiàn)

  overall 總體上講

  except 除外

  in the case of adv. 在……的情況下

  in terms of/in respect of/regarding 在……方面

  in contrast 相反,大不相同

  in conclusion adv. 最后,總之

  in comparison 相比之下

  inversely adv. 相反地,倒轉(zhuǎn)地

  in general 通常,大體上,一般而言

  range from

  excessive adj. 過多的,過分的,額外

  lower v.降低,跌落

  elapse vi.(時(shí)間)過去,消逝

  category n.種類

  government policy 政府政策

  market forces 市場規(guī)率

  measure n. 尺寸,方法,措施 v.估量,調(diào)節(jié)

  forecast n. 先見,預(yù)見 v. 預(yù)測

?2013年高教自考網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)課程招生簡章

?2013年1月自考報(bào)名 

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