成人英語三級考試技巧閱讀理解答題技巧

　　學(xué)位英語閱讀理解做題原則：試題的順序和文章的行進(jìn)順序是一致的

　　第一步：劃出關(guān)鍵詞，確定試題提問的對象

　　第二步：到文章中尋找關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)的句子

　　第三步，對比四個選項(xiàng)，選出正確答案

　　學(xué)位英語閱讀理解詞匯題答題方法

　　? 通過上下文句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，推測詞義。

　　? 詞匯題測試我們通過上下文推測詞義的能力。

　　?詞匯和上下文會形成各種邏輯關(guān)系，如并列關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，讓步關(guān)系等等，通過這些關(guān)系來推測單詞的含義。

　　提問方式》》》

　　According to the author, the word "…" means_______.

　　Which of the following is nearest in meaning to "…"?

　　The term "..." in paragraph…can be best replaced by______?

　　What's the meaning of "…" in line…of paragraph….?

　　詞匯練習(xí)》》》

　　1. lf you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!

　　Question:

　　The word drowsy in the last paragraph means ______.

　　A. sick C. asleep B. stand up D. a little sleepy

　　【答案】D。

　　Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. 這句話和前面一句話是平行關(guān)系，兩者表達(dá)的是同一種事物的不同解決方式，因此， drowsy的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)和前面一句話中的"fall asleep"具有相近的意思，從四個選項(xiàng)來看，應(yīng)為D. a little sleepy “困倦”的意思，而不會是sick “病”，stand up“站起來”，asleep“睡著”的意思。

　　2. In the early grades especially, experts say, youngsters should be encouraged to work in groups rather than individually so that teachers can spot children who may be having problems making friends.

　　Question:

　　In the first paragraph, the word spot means ______.

　　A. teach B. help C. find D. treat

　　[答案]C.

　　本句含有一個so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，spot的意思需要根據(jù)前后兩句話的意思來作出推斷。前一句話的意思是“教師鼓勵孩子們參加集體活動，而不是參加個人活動”這是一個達(dá)到目的所實(shí)施的手段，后面是目的。從前面句子中的“集體活動”，以及后面的“交朋友有問題”可以推論出，spot的意思是“發(fā)現(xiàn)，找出”。

　　學(xué)位英語閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題的做題方法

　　細(xì)節(jié)題的做題方法我們稱之為還原定位法，即把試題準(zhǔn)確地在原文中進(jìn)行定位，找到答案所在的句子。這種方法的運(yùn)用有三個步驟：

　　還原定位法>>>

　?、?先看試題，后讀原文。

　　這樣做既節(jié)省了時間，又提高了做題的效率和準(zhǔn)確度。

　?、?對試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行模糊定位。

　　因?yàn)樵囶}的出題順序和文章的敘述順序存在高度的一致性。

　?、?對試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位。

　　對試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位的前提是抓住試題中的標(biāo)志詞和關(guān)鍵詞。

　　標(biāo)志詞>>>

　　1.專有名詞，是指表示人名、地名和組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的名詞，這樣的名詞在文章中一般都要大寫;

　　2.表示時間或年代的詞;

　　3.專業(yè)詞匯，這樣的詞匯一般都是比較難懂，一般是我們不認(rèn)識的詞匯。

　　關(guān)鍵詞>>>

　　指表達(dá)試題內(nèi)容的中心詞，一般是試題中的名詞和名詞詞組。

　　練習(xí)題>>>

　　例1 A study was done with 30 three-year-old children and their parents. Half of the children participated in the experimental study; the other half acted as the control group. In the experimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes-or-no questions. For example, the parent should ask, "What is the doggie doing?" rather than "Is the doggie running away?" The parents in the experimental group were also instructed in how to help children find answers, how to suggest alternative possibilities and how to praise correct answers.

　　Question: The difference between the control group and the experimental group was _____.

　　A. the training that parents received

　　B. the age of the children

　　C. tile books that were read

　　D. the number of the children

　　【答案】A。根據(jù)試題中的關(guān)鍵詞control group and the experimental group，找到文章中與本題相關(guān)的句子。仔細(xì)閱讀后可知，學(xué)生們被分為兩組：實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組，實(shí)驗(yàn)組中父母要受到兩個小時的培訓(xùn)。所以兩組的區(qū)別就在于其父母接受的培訓(xùn)不同。因此選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。

　　例2 If you look at children, you'll see great difference between what we call "bright" children and "not-bright" children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amount of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out about life, ─ he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But, the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.

　　Question: Bright children and not-bright children _____.

　　A. are two different types of children

　　B. are different mainly in their degree of cleverness

　　C. have difference only in their way of thinking

　　D. have different knowledge about the world

　　【答案】A。根據(jù)試題中的關(guān)鍵詞Bright children and not-bright children確定試題在文章的位置，以及與本題相關(guān)的句子。仔細(xì)閱讀后可知，聰明孩子和不太聰明的孩子實(shí)際上是兩類不同的人，而并不是聰明程度不同的同一類人。故A與原文表述一致，B與原文相反。正確答案中的type是原文中的單詞kind的改寫。

　　例3 When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or upsetting situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.

　　Question: According to this passage, intelligence is _____.

　　A. the ability to study well

　　B. the ability to do well in school

　　C. the ability to deal with life

　　D. the ability to get high scores on some tests

　　【答案】C。根據(jù)試題中的關(guān)鍵詞intelligence，找到文章中和本題對應(yīng)的句子，是在本段的第一句話和第二句話。通過對這兩句話的歸納總結(jié)，選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

　　學(xué)位英語閱讀理解主旨題做題方法

　　從第一段的第一句或者第一段，以及各個段落的第一句話，總結(jié)歸納出文章的中心思想。

　　The main idea of the passage is…

　　Which is the best title for the passage?

　　例1

　　The agriculture revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things: the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe", said Thomas Jefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being sufficient; here it is to make the most of our labor, land being abundant". It was in America, therefore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came.

　　At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude(粗糙的)plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural tools on their backs. By 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. In 1869, James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.

　　Question: The passage is mainly about _____.

　　⊙A. the agriculture revolution

　　⊙B. the invention of labor-saving machinery

　　⊙C. the development of scientific agriculture

　　⊙D. the farming machinery in America

　　例2

　　We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways.

　　It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns.

　　Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like "he went pale and began to tremble" suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, "he opened his eyes wide" is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese "surprise" can be described in a phrase like "they stretched out their tongues!" Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike.

　　Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people's faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do.

　　Question: The best title for this passage may be _____.

　　⊙A. Words and Feelings

　　⊙B. Words, Gestures and Feelings

　　⊙C. Gestures and Feelings

　　⊙D. Culture and Understanding

　　例1【答案】B。文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)如下：從文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章著重論述的是在美洲農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的應(yīng)用的歷史，因此選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

　　例2【答案】B。從文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，文章運(yùn)用了兩段的篇幅在論述情感和語言以及肢體動作的關(guān)系，因此，選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

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