2018年成人英語三級考試閱讀理解復習指導(4)
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2018年成人英語三級考試閱讀理解復習指導(4)
1、Exercise
The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn , the entire medical profession.
Rugby is generally a much tougher game than football and for a long time has had upper class associations, as until recently it was generally only played in public schools, not in state schools.
Western manners do not require one to say anything that is untrue, but it is best to avoid being too frank about things which would make people feel uneasy—unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it.
要點分析和參考譯文
要點：本句是有分號及連詞and 引導的并列復合句。分句一種包含有關系代詞who引導的定語從句，修飾doctors.分句二中代詞it指“the suspicion of deceit”，動詞短語contributes to意為“to help in causing a situation”，分句三中，代詞it指前文所述情況，介詞短語in turn意為“afterwards”
參考譯文：由于病人懷疑存在欺騙行為，使許多對病人十分誠實的醫(yī)生的工作也因此受到影響，并使醫(yī)療訴訟案和“防御性診治”增多，而這些反過來又對整個醫(yī)療事業(yè)造成損害?！ ∫c：全句為主從復合句，“as”引出原因狀語從句，修飾“ and for a long time (rugby) has had upper class associations”。主句部分Rugby is generally……class associations，是帶有并列謂語“is……”和“has had……”的句子。
參考譯文：橄欖球賽一般比足球賽更加激烈，并且長時間以來一直是高年級學生參與的比賽，也因此直到最近比賽一般仍然僅僅在公立學校而不在州立學校舉行。
要點：全句為并列復合句。連詞“but”連接兩個并列句。在第二個分句中“ it is best to avoid being too frank……” 中的“it”是形式主語，實際主語是不定式“ to avoid being too frank……”。動詞“avoid”后面應接動名詞作賓語。“ which would make people feel uneasy”作“thing”的定語。在破折號后面“ unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it”作讓步狀語從句。“good”是名詞，作“feel”的賓語從句“some good might come of it”中的主語。“it”指“by doing so”所包含的前面提到的為避免重復而未具體說出的內(nèi)容。
參考譯文：西方的行為方式并不要求人們?nèi)ブv假話，但是最好要避免過于直率地談論那些使人尷尬的事情——除非你認為這么做可能會有益處。
2、Exercise
It was mostly he who talked and he seemed afraid to stop for fear she'd ask him to leave her by herself.
An example of a verbal subtest would be vocabulary, whereas an example of a performance subtest would be picture arrangement, the latter requiring an examinee to arrange a set of pictures into a sequence so that they tell a comprehensible story.
A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion remain in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force.
要點分析和參考譯文
要點：這是一個由and 連接的并列復合句。And前面的句子是強調(diào)句，強調(diào)的成分是he.It僅位先行代詞，沒有意義。Mostly 用作副詞，意為“多半”。 For fear(that)= in order that……should not happen意為“生怕……，以免……”。例如：I daren't tell you what he did , for fear that he should be angry with me.(我不敢將他的事告訴你，怕他因此對我發(fā)脾氣)。To leave her by herself相當于to leave her alone.
參考譯文：大部分時間都是他在講話。他似乎害怕停下來，生怕話一停，她就會請他離開。
要點：本句由whereas 連接在一起的兩個分句并列而成。“the latter requiring an examinee to arrange a set of pictures into a sequence so that they tell a comprehensible story.”是現(xiàn)在分詞獨立主格結構;“the latter”是現(xiàn)在分詞“ requiring”的邏輯主語：“the latter”指的是“ an example of a performance subtest” .“ so that they tell a comprehensible story” 是“so that” 引導的目的狀語從句;其中主語“they”指的是：“a set of pictures”
參考譯文：口頭語言測試的一個實例是測驗詞匯能力，而行為表現(xiàn)測試的實例是測驗排列圖畫能力。后者要求受測試者把一組圖畫排序，這個次序應該能夠表達一個可以理解的故事。
要點：這是一個并列復合句。And 連接兩個句子，構成并列句。Unless 是連詞，連接下一個子句，做前面兩個主句的狀語從句。Unless 后面省略了it is.At rest和in motion 是兩個介詞短語，分別作body的定語，意思為“處于靜止狀態(tài)”和“處于運動狀態(tài)中”
參考譯文：除非受到外力作用，靜止的物體將繼續(xù)保持靜止，運動的物體將繼續(xù)作勻速直線運動.
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