2018年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)(4)
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2018年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)(4)
1、Exercise
The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn , the entire medical profession.
Rugby is generally a much tougher game than football and for a long time has had upper class associations, as until recently it was generally only played in public schools, not in state schools.
Western manners do not require one to say anything that is untrue, but it is best to avoid being too frank about things which would make people feel uneasy—unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it.
要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文
要點(diǎn)：本句是有分號(hào)及連詞and 引導(dǎo)的并列復(fù)合句。分句一種包含有關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾doctors.分句二中代詞it指“the suspicion of deceit”，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)contributes to意為“to help in causing a situation”，分句三中，代詞it指前文所述情況，介詞短語(yǔ)in turn意為“afterwards”
參考譯文：由于病人懷疑存在欺騙行為，使許多對(duì)病人十分誠(chéng)實(shí)的醫(yī)生的工作也因此受到影響，并使醫(yī)療訴訟案和“防御性診治”增多，而這些反過(guò)來(lái)又對(duì)整個(gè)醫(yī)療事業(yè)造成損害?！ ∫c(diǎn)：全句為主從復(fù)合句，“as”引出原因狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾“ and for a long time (rugby) has had upper class associations”。主句部分Rugby is generally……class associations，是帶有并列謂語(yǔ)“is……”和“has had……”的句子。
參考譯文：橄欖球賽一般比足球賽更加激烈，并且長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)一直是高年級(jí)學(xué)生參與的比賽，也因此直到最近比賽一般仍然僅僅在公立學(xué)校而不在州立學(xué)校舉行。
要點(diǎn)：全句為并列復(fù)合句。連詞“but”連接兩個(gè)并列句。在第二個(gè)分句中“ it is best to avoid being too frank……” 中的“it”是形式主語(yǔ)，實(shí)際主語(yǔ)是不定式“ to avoid being too frank……”。動(dòng)詞“avoid”后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。“ which would make people feel uneasy”作“thing”的定語(yǔ)。在破折號(hào)后面“ unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it”作讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。“good”是名詞，作“feel”的賓語(yǔ)從句“some good might come of it”中的主語(yǔ)。“it”指“by doing so”所包含的前面提到的為避免重復(fù)而未具體說(shuō)出的內(nèi)容。
參考譯文：西方的行為方式并不要求人們?nèi)ブv假話，但是最好要避免過(guò)于直率地談?wù)撃切┦谷藢擂蔚氖虑?mdash;—除非你認(rèn)為這么做可能會(huì)有益處。
2、Exercise
It was mostly he who talked and he seemed afraid to stop for fear she'd ask him to leave her by herself.
An example of a verbal subtest would be vocabulary, whereas an example of a performance subtest would be picture arrangement, the latter requiring an examinee to arrange a set of pictures into a sequence so that they tell a comprehensible story.
A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion remain in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force.
要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文
要點(diǎn)：這是一個(gè)由and 連接的并列復(fù)合句。And前面的句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是he.It僅位先行代詞，沒(méi)有意義。Mostly 用作副詞，意為“多半”。 For fear(that)= in order that……should not happen意為“生怕……，以免……”。例如：I daren't tell you what he did , for fear that he should be angry with me.(我不敢將他的事告訴你，怕他因此對(duì)我發(fā)脾氣)。To leave her by herself相當(dāng)于to leave her alone.
參考譯文：大部分時(shí)間都是他在講話。他似乎害怕停下來(lái)，生怕話一停，她就會(huì)請(qǐng)他離開(kāi)。
要點(diǎn)：本句由whereas 連接在一起的兩個(gè)分句并列而成。“the latter requiring an examinee to arrange a set of pictures into a sequence so that they tell a comprehensible story.”是現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu);“the latter”是現(xiàn)在分詞“ requiring”的邏輯主語(yǔ)：“the latter”指的是“ an example of a performance subtest” .“ so that they tell a comprehensible story” 是“so that” 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句;其中主語(yǔ)“they”指的是：“a set of pictures”
參考譯文：口頭語(yǔ)言測(cè)試的一個(gè)實(shí)例是測(cè)驗(yàn)詞匯能力，而行為表現(xiàn)測(cè)試的實(shí)例是測(cè)驗(yàn)排列圖畫能力。后者要求受測(cè)試者把一組圖畫排序，這個(gè)次序應(yīng)該能夠表達(dá)一個(gè)可以理解的故事。
要點(diǎn)：這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句。And 連接兩個(gè)句子，構(gòu)成并列句。Unless 是連詞，連接下一個(gè)子句，做前面兩個(gè)主句的狀語(yǔ)從句。Unless 后面省略了it is.At rest和in motion 是兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，分別作body的定語(yǔ)，意思為“處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)”和“處于運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)中”
參考譯文：除非受到外力作用，靜止的物體將繼續(xù)保持靜止，運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體將繼續(xù)作勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng).
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