2018年下半年學(xué)位英語模擬試題及答案(2)

2018年下半年學(xué)位英語模擬試題及答案(2)

Where do pesticides(殺蟲劑)fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?

We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.

Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs," says a wise physician, Dr.Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."

1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man, ... is part of nature."(Line 3,Para.1)?

A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.

B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.

C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.

D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.

答案：B。詞匯題。答題關(guān)鍵在于正確理解"like to pretend the contrary"幾個(gè)詞的含義，這幾個(gè)詞字面原意為：喜歡假裝相反。把它與原句結(jié)合起來看，這一句的意思是：人類，盡管常常表現(xiàn)得恰好相反，卻是自然的一部分。據(jù)此句意來套四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，就可看出B)(人類表現(xiàn)得好像他不屬于自然)是正確答案。

2. What is the author's attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides?

A. Pessimistic.

B. Indifferent.

C. Defensive.

D. Concerned.

答案：D。觀點(diǎn)題。本文就作者對(duì)殺蟲劑的環(huán)境后果的態(tài)度提問。縱觀全文可知，作者在文中一一描述了殺蟲劑明顯和潛在的兩方面危險(xiǎn)，提醒人們重視其緩慢的長期效應(yīng)，可見作者對(duì)這一問題是“關(guān)切的”D)項(xiàng))，而非是“漠不關(guān)心的”B)項(xiàng))。同時(shí)，作者在文中并未悲天憫人，認(rèn)為殺蟲劑的危害已不可救藥，所以A)項(xiàng)“悲觀的”也不符合題意。而C)項(xiàng)“防御性的”，在文中并無根據(jù)，因?yàn)樵谖闹凶髡卟⑽刺岢鲈撛鯓咏鉀Q殺蟲劑的環(huán)境后果問題，因此只有D)是最符合題意的正確答案。

3. In the author's view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____.

A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides

B. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths

C. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention

D. is unavoidable because people can't do without pesticides in farming

答案：A。推斷題。本題的答案主要見于第二段。從"But this is not the major problem".(但這并不是主要問題)及"..., we must be more concerned with the delayed effects...，(我們必須更關(guān)切由于小劑量地吸收無形中污染了我們世界的殺蟲劑而造成的延遲的后果)”我們可從中推斷出作者認(rèn)為“由于大劑量吸入殺蟲劑而突然致死”還不是最糟糕的情況，故A)是正確的。而B)、C)、D)項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容在文中均未提及，所以無法判斷是否是作者的觀點(diǎn)，因而不能入選正確答案。

4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because _____.

A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people's health

B. the present is more important for them than the future

C. the danger does not become apparent immediately

D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning

答案：C。推斷題。本題可用篩選法，一一排除錯(cuò)誤答案。人們?nèi)菀缀鲆曃胗卸净瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)所帶來的延遲后果，到底是因?yàn)槭裁茨?先看A)：有限的吸收不會(huì)給人類健康帶來危害。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)的生物效果是累積的，而且累積越多，危險(xiǎn)越大，因此，即使是有限的吸收，也會(huì)有潛伏的危險(xiǎn)，可見A)項(xiàng)內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤。同樣D)項(xiàng)“人類能經(jīng)受住小劑量有毒物質(zhì)危害”顯然也不對(duì)。再看B)：現(xiàn)在比將來重要。根據(jù)最后一段第三句，人類的本性是會(huì)忽略將來的危險(xiǎn)的，但這并不等于說現(xiàn)在就更重要，所以B)項(xiàng)也沒有正確解釋本題中的原因。只有C)項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)并沒有立刻顯示出來”，符合原文意旨，特別是最后一句的句意，所以C)是正確答案。

5. It can be concluded from Dr.Dubos'remarks that _____.

A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with

B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal

C. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure

D. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides

答案：D。推斷題。本題關(guān)鍵在于正確理解Dr.Dubos的評(píng)論。原句意為：人類很自然地最容易對(duì)那些具有征兆的疾病印象深刻，然而有些最致命的疾病卻是慢慢地毫無察覺地?fù)糁兴麄兊?。?jù)此句意，可以容易地推斷出D)為正確答案。

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.

A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.

Consumers shoud complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立體聲音響)does not work."

The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers‘rights.

6.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to _____.

A. complain personally to the manager

B. threaten to take the matter to court

C. write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase

D. show some written proof of the purchase to the store

答案：D

解析：答案D.本題答案在原文第一句中可以找到。它的大意是：當(dāng)顧客發(fā)現(xiàn)他(她)所買的商品有毛病或在其他方面未達(dá)到制造商所聲稱的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)，第一步就是將保單或其他有助于解決問題的記錄這家商店看。所以D“向這家商店出示書面證明”，與原文相符，是正確答案。而A“當(dāng)面向經(jīng)理申訴”，是在第一步中問題得不到解決時(shí)才使用，所以它不是此題答案。B“威脅將此事向法庭上訴”是在經(jīng)理未能解決問題，寫信給廠家也未能解決問題時(shí)才使用的方法，所以它也不是解決問題的第一步。C“給商店寫一封態(tài)度強(qiáng)硬的抱怨信”也是在第一步中問題得不到解決時(shí)才使用的。所以A、B、C均不是正確答案。

7.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to _____.

A. a shop assistant

B. the store manager

C. the manufacturer

D. a public organization

答案：B

解析：答案B.此題源于第二段。作者認(rèn)為許多消費(fèi)者使用的簡(jiǎn)單而又常用的辦法是直接向商店經(jīng)理投訴。

8.The most effective complaint can be made by _____.

A. showing the faulty item to the manufacturer

B. explaining exactly what is wrong with the item

C. saying firmly that the item is of poor quality

D. asking politely to change the item

答案：B

解析：答案B.原文第四段的大意是：當(dāng)顧客申訴商品有質(zhì)量問題時(shí)，態(tài)度要堅(jiān)定、有禮貌，特別是如果消費(fèi)者當(dāng)場(chǎng)演示就能最有效地達(dá)到申訴目的。不能當(dāng)場(chǎng)演示時(shí)也要提出比較具體的質(zhì)量間題。A、C、D三項(xiàng)都是泛泛地說質(zhì)量差、有毛病，而沒能說出該商品哪一個(gè)具體的部位有毛病，所以都不是最有效的解決問題的辦法。而B項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)確解釋商品哪里有問題”與原文相符，是正確答案。

9.The phrase "live up to" (Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means _____.

A. meet the standard of

B. realize the purpose of

C. fulfil the demands of

D. keep the promise of

答案：A

解析：答案A.live up to所在句子的意思是：“當(dāng)顧客發(fā)現(xiàn)他所購買的商品有毛病或在某種程度上沒有達(dá)到制造商所聲稱的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)，…”。B項(xiàng)“實(shí)現(xiàn)(制造商所聲稱的)目的”，句意不通;C項(xiàng)“滿足(制造商所聲稱的)要求”;D項(xiàng)“履行(制造商所聲稱的)承諾”，C、D兩項(xiàng)均與原文意思不符。而A項(xiàng)“達(dá)到(制造商所聲稱的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”正是原文所表達(dá)的意思，所以是正確答案。

10.Tthe passage tells us _____.

A. how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item

B. how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item

C. how to avoid buying a faulty item

D. how to deal with complaints from customers

答案：B

解析：答案B.從全文看，作者向讀者推薦了幾種申訴偽劣商品的辦法，可見作者是站在顧客的立場(chǎng)上的。而A、D兩項(xiàng)是站在賣方的立場(chǎng);C項(xiàng)在文章中未提到，所以它們都不是正確答案。B項(xiàng)“如何有效地申訴有質(zhì)量問題的商品”與原文意思相符是此題答案。

What is exactly a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you, you say: I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself. In fact, you are not short of money, but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

A scientific study of lying shows women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie" such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researches show that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the same time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying I wish I were somewhere else now.

11. This passage tells us that _____.

A. telling lies is often necessary in order to avoid being defeated

B. telling lies is often bad because people ought not to be dishonest

C. telling lies is sometimes necessary in order not to hurt someone else's feelings

D. telling lies is not bad at all in most cases

答案： C

【解析】第一段作者舉的例子，可以得出C“有時(shí)為了不傷害其他人的感情說謊是必須的”正確。其它選項(xiàng)的信息在文中沒有明確出現(xiàn)。

12. In Paragraph 2, the sentence "Women are better liars than men do." probably means _____.

A. women are better at telling lies than men

B. women liars are better accepted than men

C. women have a better intention when telling lies

D. women tell fewer lies than men do

答案：C

【解析】從第二段作者舉例可知女人更愛說"white lie"，即善意的謊言，而男人更有可能說一些嚴(yán)重的謊話。所以C選項(xiàng)“女人說謊時(shí)有較好的意圖”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)說的太籠統(tǒng)，女人僅在說"white lie"時(shí)比男人擅長，而說"serious lie"則不及男人;B、D選項(xiàng)所給信息并未在文中出現(xiàn)。

13. A "white lie" means _____.

A. a lie that is completely unbelievable

B. a lie that is told with a good will

C. a lie that is always believable

D. a lie that often has an evil purpose

答案： B

【解析】"white lie"的意思是善意的謊言，從文中第二段女人說謊所舉的例子也可以推斷出B選項(xiàng)“帶有善意所說的謊”為正確答案。

14. Politicians and businessmen are supposed to be skilled at telling the kind of lies _____.

A. from which they may gain some advantages

B. that seems to be believable

C. that women are most likely to believe

D. with which they can have better relationship with others

答案：A

【解析】第二段最后一句“政治家和商人尤其擅長說這種謊話，即可從這些謊言中賺錢或獲利。”而A選項(xiàng)“他們或許可以從中贏得一些好處”與之相一致。

15. It can be concluded from the passage that _____.

A. there is a simple way of finding out if someone is lying

B. from some ways people behave we can know they are lying

C. certain emotions are proof of lying

D. in some situations women are most likely to think businessmen are dishonest

答案：B

【解析】第三段第一句“對(duì)人們行為舉止的研究表明：當(dāng)人們說謊時(shí)，會(huì)以大量不起眼的、表面上不重要的方式改變自己的舉止”為主題句，文章所得出的結(jié)論為B選項(xiàng)“從人們的一些行為舉止，我們能夠知道他們?cè)谡f謊”，與主題句相一致。

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.

A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.

Consumers shoud complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立體聲音響)does not work."

The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers’rights.

16.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ______.

A. complain personally to the manager

B. threaten to take the matter to court

C. write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase

D. show some written proof of the purchase to the store

答案：D

17.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it’s better to complain to ______.

A. a shop assistant

B. the store manager

C. the manufacturer

D. a public organization

答案：B

18. The most effective complaint can be made by ______.

A. showing the faulty item to the manufacturer

B. explaining exactly what is wrong with the item

C. saying firmly that the item is of poor quality

D. asking politely to change the item

答案：B

19. The phrase "live up to" (Para. 1, Line 2)in the context means ______.

A. meet the standard of

B. realize the purpose of

C. fulfil the demands of

D. keep the promise of

答案：A

20. Tthe passage tells us ______.

A. how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item

B. how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item

C. how to avoid buying a faulty item

D. how to deal with complaints from customers

答案：B