2019年成人英語三級考前鞏固試題(9)

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一、閱讀理解(1-20)

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition(獲得)of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.

As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach(說教), their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parent's principles and their moral can be a dangerous disappointment.

1. Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills _____.

A. should be avoided

B. is universal among parents

C. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

D. will make him lose interest in learning new things

答案：A

解析：第一段講到了父母急切盼望孩子們掌握新技能的這種心情所帶來的各種負(fù)面影響，B、C、D三項(xiàng)均是負(fù)面影響的內(nèi)容，因此要盡量避免，所以只選一項(xiàng)最佳的就選A.

2. In the process of children's learning new skills parents _____.

A. should encourage them to read before know the meaning of the words they read

B. Should not expect too much of them

C. Should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own

D. Should create as many learning opportunities as possible

答案：C

解析：根據(jù)第一段中所提到的父母太急于盼望孩子們掌握新技能對孩子們產(chǎn)生的不良影響可以得出一個結(jié)論：父母應(yīng)該在強(qiáng)迫孩子和給予他們自由之間保持平衡。故選C.

3. The second paragraph mainly tells us that _____.

A. parents should be strict with their children

B. parents controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community

C. parental restriction vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone

D. parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation

答案：C

解析：根據(jù)第二段第一句話"Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children."故選C.

4. The word "precept" (Line 4, Para.3) probably means _____.

A. idea

B. punishment

C. behavior

D. instruction

答案：D

解析：根據(jù)最后一段"If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach(說教)"，可知precept的意思與preach相近，故選D instruction(指導(dǎo))。

5. In moral matters, parents should _____.

A. observe the rules themselves

B. be aware of the marked difference between adults and children

C. forbid things which have no foundation in morality

D. consistently ensure the security of their children

答案：A

解析：根據(jù)最后一段第一句"As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching."可知：在道德問題方面，父母的教育方式要保持一致與連貫，不能朝令夕改。故選A.

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

6. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when _____.

A. he has saved up enough money

B. he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

C. he has satisfied his hunger

D. he has learned to build houses

答案：C

解析：本題答案對應(yīng)于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一個人有了吃的就會想到再要件衣服，第三段又說最基本的需求是食物，這個層次的需求得到滿足后人就會考慮服裝和住的地方。綜合判斷，所以選C，即他不再饑餓后就會產(chǎn)生對住處和衣服的需求。

7. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ, most Americans _____.

A. were very rich

B. lived in poverty

C. had the good things on the first three levels

D. did not own automobiles

答案：D

解析：文章第三段中說第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時，對于大多數(shù)美國人來說，食品、服裝以及住所的需求都滿足了，然后第三個層次的需求，包括汽車和新房子便出現(xiàn)了。這說明第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時大多數(shù)美國人還沒有汽車。A“很富有”，意思不明。B“生活在貧困中”，不符合文意。C“滿足了前三個層次的需求”，也不正確，因?yàn)檫@時第三個層次的需求才剛剛出現(xiàn)。

8. Which of the following is NOT related to "physical satisfaction"?

A. A successful career.

B. A comfortable home.

C. A good meal.

D. A family car.

答案：A

解析：本題答案對應(yīng)于文章的第四段，第四段第三行說physical satisfaction包括食物、生活舒適、有安全感、有交通工具，在B、C、D中都有體現(xiàn)。故選A.

9. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?

A. The more goods the better.

B. The more mental satisfaction the better.

C. The more “luxury” items the better.

D. The more earnings the better.

答案：B

解析：本題答案對應(yīng)文章第四段，其中第四行this level，也就是第四個層次的需求強(qiáng)調(diào)的是精神需求，所以選B.

10. The author tends to think that the fifth level _____.

A. would be little better than the fourth level

B. may be a lot more desirable than the first four

C. can be the last and most satisfying level

D. will become attainable before the government takes actions

答案：B

解析：本題考查考生對作者意思的整體把握。先看A“比第四個層次要好一些”，意思含糊。C“是最終的、最令人滿意的需求層次”，太絕對。D“在政府采取行動之前就能實(shí)現(xiàn)”，不合文意。文章說第五個層次的需求要通過集體行動實(shí)現(xiàn)，即人們付錢給政府，讓其對抗疾病、愚昧、犯罪與不公?？梢娺@要在政府采取行動后實(shí)現(xiàn)。而B的意思是“比前四個層次的需求更值得擁有”，這是正確的。

Katherine walked into a newspaper office, and demanded to see the editor. Fortunately, the editor was passing the inquiry office when she asked for him. Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.

Katherine was very rude to him when he told her they didn't accept schoolgirls. She said she was surprised that the editor of a great London newspaper did not know how to behave like a gentleman. The editor sat back in his chair and laughed heartily. He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty. After some further conversation, in which Katherine attempted to persuade him that she could do anything he wanted, from writing a leading article to a serial story, she said: "I am not going to leave this room until you put me on the staff!"

Then the editor had to speak to her rather seriously, and told her what a great London newspaper meant to a girl and how utterly ignorant she was of everything that would make her useful as a journalist. Upon this Katherine burst into tears, and the editor, who had dismissed many men in the course of his career, walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.

"Look here," he said, "if you come to me in two years' time, with a knowledge of shorthand, and if you promise not to shed tears on my blotting paper, I will give you something to do."

"Really? If you don't mind, I'll have it in black and white," said the girl.

The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked. He drafted out an agreement for her on the lines laid down with a great deal of solemnity(嚴(yán)肅)which he found quite amusing, for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect.

11. The real reason why the editor decided to interview the girl was that he _____.

A. heard her asking for him

B. was not very busy

C. thought it would amuse him

D. liked to work with young girls

答案：C

解析：Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.故選C.

12. "He rather liked it for its novelty" means he liked it because it was _____.

A. unusual

B. pleasant

C. courageous

D. friendly

答案：A

解析：He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty.根據(jù)上下文推測只有unusual正確。

13. The editor walked up and down the room, because he was _____.

A. rather angry with her

B. afraid other people would hear her crying

C. not sure whether he should dismiss her or not

D. trying to make a decision

答案：D

解析：walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.此題要讀出wondering后面的意思，因此選D.

14. As their conversation continued, the editor _____.

A. changed his opinion of the girl

B. grew tired of her

C. became annoyed

D. thought she was too uneducated

答案：A

解析：The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked.從編輯見到這個女孩剛開始的應(yīng)付狀態(tài)，到最后這個編輯對女孩的談吐很吃驚，考慮給她一個答復(fù)，可以看出編輯逐步改變對這個女孩的認(rèn)識及看法。

15. When the editor drafted out the agreement for the girl, he _____.

A. hoped that this would please the girl

B. wished that it would take effect soon

C. adopted a rather serious attitude

D. didn't mean what he wrote

答案：D

解析：文章最后結(jié)尾for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect. 表明了D的意思。

Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.

Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.

Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. (76) Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.

16. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it ______.

A. was difficult to collect

B. came in a variety of forms

C. was difficult to get rid of

D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects

答案：C

答案是開頭的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it.Dispose of“處理解決”。

17. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?

A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.

B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.

C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.

D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.

答案：B

答案在第一段的第三句中。他們設(shè)計了一種收集系統(tǒng)，它不但利用身體的熱，還收集由燈泡、冰箱等散發(fā)出來的熱。有了這兩種熱能，作者指出在校園中已無需任何conventional fuel。

18.The phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means ______.

A. if the winter is especially warm

B. during all of the year except the winter

C. in the winter as well as in other seasons

D. during the evenings in the winter

答案：C

第二段中說：大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代化的大樓有些部分-戲院、辦公室以及教室是用人體和燈光的熱來供熱的，有時候甚至在冬天的空調(diào)也是由它們來供熱。Even意為“甚至”。

19. The phrase "heat recovery" refers to a ______.

A. method of concealing the source of heat

B. special form of air conditioning

C. supplementary hot water system

D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat

答案：D

回收再利用熱能。此題考察學(xué)生對全文的總結(jié)能力，以及reclaim和re-use的詞義。

20. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?

A. A fat female who studies hard.

B. A thin female who does not study.

C. A fat male who does not study.

D. A thin male who studies hard.

答案：B

最后一段倒數(shù)第二句說：男學(xué)生發(fā)出的熱量比女生發(fā)出的熱量多，學(xué)生體重越重產(chǎn)生的熱量越多。學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的比學(xué)習(xí)不刻苦的產(chǎn)生的熱量多。所以最瘦的女生產(chǎn)生的熱量最少。

二、詞匯和語法(21-30)

21.The new dictionary _____ him 15 dollars.

A.paid

B.took

C.spent

D.cost

答案：D

解析：這本新字典花了他15美元。本題考查的是動詞詞義辨析。take，spend，cost都有“花費(fèi)”的意思。當(dāng)人作主語時用spend，當(dāng)物作主語時用cost;take常用在It takes sb. some time to do sth.這一句型中;pay一詞指的是某人主動付款購買某物。根據(jù)題意，故選D.

22.His good sense of humor made a deep impression _____ us.

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.to

答案：B

解析：他的幽默感給我們留下了深刻印象。本題考查的是固定搭配。make/leave a deep impression on sb.意為“給某人留下深刻的印象”。

23.He had so little education _____ he was unfit for this job.

A.but

B.what

C.as

D.that

答案：D

解析：他所受教育很少，以致于不適合做這個工作。本題考查的是固定搭配。so+形容詞或副詞+that clause，表示“如此…以致于…”。

24._____ had enough time, they would have visited the Great Wall。

A.Had they

B.Have they

C.Would they have

D.If they

答案：A

解析：如果他們有足夠的時間，他們就去參觀長城了。本題考查的是虛擬語氣。本題是省略if的條件句的虛擬語氣。由主句謂語動詞的形式，可以判斷是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣的句子，要求選的是條件句。如果用if開頭，從句就應(yīng)用過去完成時的形式，D選項(xiàng)不符合，排除。虛擬條件從句中的were，had或should可以前置而省略if。故選A.

25.Noise is unpleasant, _____ when you are absorbed in readin9.

A.essentially

B.especially

C.specially

D.strangely

答案：B

解析：噪音很討厭，尤其是你專心致志看書的時候。本題考查的是副詞辨析。essentially意為“本質(zhì)上，實(shí)質(zhì)上”;especially意為“特別，尤其，格外”;specially意為“專門地，特別地”;strangely意為“奇妙地;不可思議地;怪異地”。根據(jù)題意。選B.

26.It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _____ my roommate.

A.pull out

B.run out

C.pick out

D.turn out

答案：C

解析：電影院里光線太暗，我差點(diǎn)沒辨認(rèn)出我的室友來。本題考查的是動詞詞組的詞義辨析。pull out意為“駛出，抽出，拔出”;lain out意為“用完，耗盡，過期”;pick out意為“挑選出，分辨出辨認(rèn)出”;turn out意為“露面，證明是，熄滅”。

27.When _____ along the street in the evening，the young lawyer saw her former teacher.

A.walking

B.to walk

C.walk

D.walked

答案：A

解析：晚上在街上散步的時候，這個年輕的律師遇見了她以前的老師。本題考查的是非謂語動詞。分詞短語作狀語。分詞短語或分詞可作時間狀語、原因狀語、讓步狀語、條件狀語或伴隨狀語。如果主句主語與分詞是主動關(guān)系，就用現(xiàn)在分詞;要是被動關(guān)系，就用過去分詞。分詞短語前面可以有when，while，once，if，unless，though等連詞修飾。句中walk與the young lawyer的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，正確答案為A.

28.I'll accept any job _____ I don't have to get up early.

A.as soon as

B.as long as

C.as far as

D.as much as

答案：B

解析：只要不必早起，任何工作我都可以接受。本題考查的是連詞詞組。as soon as意為“盡快”;as far as意為“那么遠(yuǎn)，直到;至于”;as much as意為“和…一樣多”;as long as句中的意思是“只要”。根據(jù)題意，正確答案為B.

29.They were angry because you _____ your promise.

A.didn't keep

B.have not kept

C.don't keep

D.had not kept

答案：D

解析：由于你沒有遵守諾言，他們很生氣。本題考查的是動詞時態(tài)。主句用過去時，原因狀語從句的動作發(fā)生在“生氣”這件事前，所以時態(tài)需要用過去完成時。故選D.

30.Mary had an _____; she's been knocked down by a taxi.

A.event

B.occurrence

C.accident

D.incident

答案：C

解析：瑪麗遇到了交通事故;她被出租車撞倒了。本題考查的是名詞辨析。event意為“事件，偶然發(fā)生的事件，可指任何大小事件，但尤指歷史上的重大事件”;occurrence意為“日常生活中發(fā)生的一般事件”;accident意為“事故，強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然或意外發(fā)生的不幸事情”;incident意為“突發(fā)事件，可指小事件或附帶事件，又可指政治上具有影響力的事件或事變”。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選C.

三、完型填空(31-40)

In the dining room of my grandfather's house stood his heavy clock. Meals in the dining room were a __31 __ for our four generations to become one. My grandfather's clock always stood like a trusted old family friend, __32__ us playing jokes and telling stories, which was already a __33__ of our life.

When I was a child, the old clock interested me. I watched and listened to it during __34 __. I was surprised how at __35 __ times of the day, the clock would strike three times, six times or more, with a wonderful great __36 __ that echoed throughout the house. The clock chimed year after year, a part of my __37 __, a part of my heart.

Even more _38__ to me was my grandfather's special action each day. He meticulously __39 __ the clock with a special key each day. The key was magic to me. It __40 __ our family's magnificent clock ticking and striking all year round.

31. 請選擇最佳答案填入( )。

A. time

B. possibility

C. problem

D. pleasure

答案：A

解析：a time意為“一段時光”，become one意為“成為一體，聚集一堂”。

32.請選擇最佳答案填入( )。

A. seeing

B. hearing

C. watching

D. looking

答案：C

解析：該句使用擬人手法，把鬧鐘比作朋友，watch表示動作，指“觀看，留意看運(yùn)動著的東西”;see強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果，無進(jìn)行時態(tài);look后不能直接跟賓語，需要加介詞。這里用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示伴隨。故此處選擇C項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)。

33. 請選擇最佳答案填入( )。

A. start

B. part

C. signal

D. mark

答案：B

解析：指上文提到的事已經(jīng)成為我們生活的一部分，A、C、D與文意不符。

34. 請選擇最佳答案填入( )。

A. stories

B. jokes

C. periods

D. meals

答案：D

解析：根據(jù)上一段內(nèi)容及生活常識可知，當(dāng)我們在聽故事或開玩笑的時候很難留意到其他事物，只有在吃飯的時候才會注意到the old clock.故D項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)。

35.請選擇最佳答案填入( )。

A. busy

B. urgent

C. happy

D. different

答案：D

解析：根據(jù)下文和生活中有關(guān)鬧鐘的常識判斷，應(yīng)該是在一天中的不同時間，鬧鐘敲響不同的次數(shù)。

36. 請選擇最佳答案填入( )。

A. shock

B. sound

C. song

D. music

答案：B

解析：該部分意為：鬧鐘發(fā)出的奇妙宏大的聲音(sound)在滿屋子里回蕩。

37. 請選擇最佳答案填入( )。

A. memories

B. minds

C. comfort

D. information

答案：A

解析：該句句意為：鬧鐘年復(fù)一年地打點(diǎn)報時，留在我的記憶里，也留在我的心里。根據(jù)后文的a part of my heart容易排除掉B、C、D項(xiàng)。

38.請選擇最佳答案填入( )。

A. comfortable

B. hopeful

C. wonderful

D. skillful

答案：C

解析：根據(jù)上下文，對我來說，更精彩的是爺爺每天的特殊動作。

39. 請選擇最佳答案填入( )。

A. opened

B. wound

C. turned

D. started

答案：B

解析：wind the clock，動詞wind在這里意為“(給鬧鐘)上發(fā)條”。wound是wind的過去式。

40. 請選擇最佳答案填入( )。

A. made

B. controlled

C. kept

D. fixed

答案：C

解析：該句句意為：它(這個鑰匙)能保證我們家的神奇的鬧鐘一年到頭滴答作響和打點(diǎn)報時。made：使得;controlled：控制;kept：保持;fixed：修理。C項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)。

四、翻譯(41-45)

41.In the early fifties, only eight or nine out of a hundred young men changed their jobs within the first three years with a company.

答案：在五十年代初期，有百分之八九的年輕人在一家公司工作三年后往往會跳槽。

42.Since most jobs take only a year and a half to master, in order to continue learning, they have to make a job change.

答案：由于大多數(shù)工作只需花一年多就可以掌握，為了繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，他們就會調(diào)換工作。

43.They have worked for a few years as technical specialists and quickly moved into higher management positions.

答案：作為技術(shù)老師，他們在工作了幾年之后會更快地跳到更高的管理崗位。

44.Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew.

答案：社會學(xué)家們對于一個社會是怎樣形成與怎樣發(fā)展起來的很感趣。

45.A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s.

答案：1830年，一個叫Auguste Comte的法人使社會學(xué)成為一門獨(dú)立的學(xué)科。

五、寫作(46)

46.Directions: For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "How I Fi-nance My College Education". You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1.上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用(tuition and fees)可以通過多種途徑解決;

2.哪種途徑適合于我(說明理由)。

答案：How I Finance My College Education

It is a fact that college is becoming more and more expensive and college life is becoming especially hard for the students who were born in needy families. However, there are several ways in which these students can cover their tuition that their parents are not able to afford. Finding a part-time job, for example, is an ideal way. Besides, one can ask the bank for a loan and repay it when he has the ability. Finally, one can seek assistance from the society.

For me, earning tuition by doing part-time jobs is the most suitable way. First, I learn to be independent both mentally and economically in this way. Apart from this, I no longer need to wor-ry my parents with so heavy a burden. Finally, since I earn my own living, I will be more confi-dent with myself and, therefore, I can live a busy but meaningful college life.

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