2019年下半年學位英語考試練習及答案4

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2019年下半年學位英語考試練習及答案4

一、詞匯和語法

1.It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without _____.

A.exception

B.exclusion

C.modification

D.substitution

[答案] A

[譯文] 很明顯，這條規(guī)定適用于任何人，沒有例外。

[解析] Without exception為固定搭配，表示“毫無例外，無一例外”。Exclusion表示“排除，排外”;modification的意思是“更改，修正”;substitution表示“替代”。

2.Last night he saw two dark _____ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.

A.features

B.figures

C.sketches

D.images

[答案] B

[譯文] 昨天晚上他看見兩個黑影進了大樓，然后就發(fā)生了爆炸。

[解析] Feature 表示“特征，特點”;sketch的意思是“素描，梗概，草圖”;image表示“形象”;而figure表示“外形，輪廓，體型”，符合上下文。

3.Faced with rapid inflation and _____ international and home markets, many firms have declared bankrupt.

A. lessening

B. shortening

C. shrinking

D. withdrawing

[答案] C。考查近義動詞的語義辨析。各選項的意思及用法分別是：選項Alessening減少，減輕，側(cè)重指程度、重要性等的減輕。如：The defeat lessened our chances of winning the championship.此次失敗使我們奪冠的希望變得更加渺茫。lessen the burden of減輕負擔;選項Bshortening縮短，變短，如The days are beginning to shorten.天開始變短了。shorten the gap between縮小……之間的差距;選項Cshrinking使收縮，縮小，減少，側(cè)重指尺寸、大小等的變小。如：The number of students attending the lecture has shrunk.聽講座的學生人數(shù)減少了。Will this soap shrink woolen clothes?這種肥皂會使羊毛衣服縮水嗎?選項D withdrawing收回，撤退，撤銷，如：After awhile, he withdrew his proposal.過了一會兒，他撤回了他的提議。根據(jù)題意可判斷出選項C應為正確答案。全句意思是“面對通貨膨脹和日益縮小的國際國內(nèi)市場，許多公司都已宜布破產(chǎn)”。

4.We'd better eliminate junk foods from our kitchen and keep a variety of high-quality foods _____ at all times.

A. available

B. desirable

C. enormous

D. numerous

[答案] A?？疾樾稳菰~語義環(huán)境。四個選項的意思分別是：選項Aavailable現(xiàn)成可使用的，在手邊的，可利用的;選項Bdesirable稱心如意的，值得有的，如I envy Jane because her job is so desirable.我很羨慕簡，因為她有一份很稱心的工作。選項Cenormous巨大的，極大的，龐大的;選項Dnumerous許多的，很多的，如：This is a conclusion he has drawn from numerous facts.這是他從很多事實當中得出的結(jié)論。根據(jù)題干可判斷出選項A應為正確答案。全句的意思為“我們應清除廚房里的垃圾食品，而使各種高質(zhì)量的食物隨手可及”。

5.The purpose of your resume is to _____ enough interest in you to have an employer contact you for an interview.

A. assemble

B. generate

C. yield

D. gather

[答案] B?？疾閯釉~的語義辨析。各選項的意思分別是：選項Aassemble意為“集合，聚集，召集;裝配”，如：The whole school assembled in the main hall.全校學生在大禮堂集合。Before you assemble the model plane, read the instructions.在你組裝模型飛機前，先讀說明書。選項Bgenerate意為“生成，產(chǎn)生(光、熱、電等;引起(興趣等”，如：News of the Queen's visit is generating a lot of excitement.女皇來訪的消息使大家感到非常興奮。選項Cyield意為“生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生(利潤、回報等;投降，屈服”，如：His business yields big profits.他的生意利潤豐厚。選項Dgather意為“聚集，集合;收集，采集”，如：Many people gathered in the town square.很多人聚集在市政廣場。該題需注意選項B和選項C在搭配上的區(qū)別。根據(jù)題意，選項B應為正確答案。全句意思為是“簡歷就是要充分引起雇主對你的興趣，并達到進一步聯(lián)系面試的目的”。

6.Some concepts may be difficult to grasp chiefly because they may be unfamiliar or _____ ideas, opinions which we already hold.

A. in accordance with

B. in conflict with

C. in favor of

D. in response to

[答案] B?？疾榻樵~短語的語義。四個選項的意思分別是：選項Ain accordance with依照，根據(jù);選項Bin conflict with與……相沖突;選項Cin favor of支持，贊同;選項Din response to作為對……的反應。根據(jù)題意可判斷出選項B為正確答案。全句的意思為“一些觀念很難讓人領會主要是因為我們對其不熟悉或者是因為與我們原有的觀點相矛盾”。

7.The city government has determined to get _____ with people who try to escape paying taxes.

A. rough

B. tough

C. rigid

D. bold

[答案] B?？疾樾稳菰~語義及搭配。能與介詞with搭配的只有選項Btough，get tough with/on sb.意為“對……采取堅決態(tài)度;對……采用強硬手段”。其余選項的意思分別是：選項Arough意為“粗糙的;粗野的，粗暴的;粗略的，大致的”;選項Crigid(行為觀點等嚴格的，死板的，不易改變的;選項Dbold意為“勇敢的，無畏的;冒失的，魯莽的”。全句的意思是“政府部門決心采取強硬手段來懲治偷稅人員”。

8.Human beings are superior to animals _____ they can use language as a tool to communicate.

A. for which

B. in which

C. in that

D. for that

答案：C

詳解：答案為C。in that表示“因為，既然”

9.Do you know the name of that _____ insect?

A. funny, little, red, mosquito-like

B. little, funny, mosquito-like, red

C. red, little, funny, mosquito-like

D. mosquito-like, red, little, funny

答案：A

詳解：答案為A。本題考核修飾語的排列順序：限定詞—數(shù)詞—一般描繪性形容詞—表示大小、形狀的形容詞—表示年齡、新舊的形容詞—表示色彩的形容詞—表示國籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞—表示物質(zhì)、材料的形容詞—表示用途、類別的形容詞—被修飾名詞。了解個大概順序，如果記不得，只有讀幾遍憑語感來選擇。

10.The time has come _____ we make extensive use of nuclear energy.

A. When

B. while

C. as

D. since

答案：A

詳解：答案為A。when引導的定語從句修飾time，有時為了使句子平衡，也就是使主語不必過長，而把定語從句或同位語從句后置于謂語之后。如：The news came that our team won the match.

11.Professor Black and professor Smith will _____ in giving the class lectures.

A. alter

B. change

C. alternate

D. differ

答案：C

詳解：答案為C。alternate指“交替”;alter指“改變”。

12.We drive our car fast and soon _____ other cars on the road.

A. oversee

B. overtake

C. overrun

D. override

答案：B

【譯文】我們開得很快，一會兒就超越了公路上的其他汽車。

【注釋】overtake“追上，趕上，超過”。oversee“俯瞰;監(jiān)督，監(jiān)視”。overrun“溢出;(侵略軍橫行于”。override“奔越過，踐踏過;制服，壓倒”。

13.Are there any other factors that might affect the development of a child ______ education and innate inability?

A. apart from

B. away from

C. far from D. but for

答案：A

詳解：應選A項。

apart from除……之外，away from遠離，far from 遠非，but for要不是。

句意為：除了教育和先天的不足，還有什么其他因素會影響一個孩子的發(fā)展?

14.I would never have encouraged you to go into this field _____ it would be so hard for you.

A. had I known

B. and I had known

C. should I know

D. but I knew

答案：A

詳解：應選A項。

此句為虛擬語氣，如果條件從句中包含有一個助動詞，可把if省略，這時助動詞應放在主語前面。

句意為：要是我知道這件事情對你如此之難，我就不會鼓勵你進入這個領域。

15.Reading is to the mind _____ food is to the body.

A. what

B. that

C. similar

D. which

答案：A

詳解：應選A項。

what是關(guān)系代詞，A is to B what C is to D，A對于B之間的關(guān)系猶如C對于D。

句意為：讀書對于大腦來說就像食物對于身體一樣。

16.Jane's _____ for gardening is evident by all of these beautiful flowers.

A. acquaintance

B. familiarity

C. achievement

D. enthusiasm

答案：D

詳解：應選D項。

enthusiasm熱衷，狂熱，acquaintance相識，familiarity熟悉，achievement成就，功績。

句意為：從這些漂亮的花可以明顯看出簡對園藝的熱衷。

17.In the 1850's Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" became the best seller of the generation, _____ a host of imitators.

A. inspiring

B. inspired

C. inspired by

D. to inspire

答案：A

詳解：應選A項。分詞短語做狀語。句意為：19世紀50年代，斯托的《湯姆叔叔的小屋》成為30年來的暢銷書，因而激起了一大群偽造者。

18.They have made a _____ plan to build a suspension bridge over the river.

A. bald

B. bound

C. bold

D. bare

答案：C

詳解：應選C項。

bold大膽的，bald光禿的，bound被束縛了的，bare赤裸的;無遮蓋的。

句意為：他們已做出了一個大膽的計劃要在這條河上建一所吊橋。

19.Her humorous remarks seemed _____, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.

A. precise

B. blank

C. spontaneous

D. bold

答案：C

詳解：應選C項。spontaneous自發(fā)的;自然產(chǎn)生的，precise精確的;準確的，blank空白的;空著的，bold大膽的。

句意為：她的幽默的評論看起來好像很自然，但是實際上是事先認真準備好的。

20.Are there any other factors that might affect the development of a child _____ education and innate inability?

A. apart from

B. away from

C. far from

D. but for

答案：A

詳解：應選A項。apart from 除……之外，away from 遠離，far from 遠非，but for 要不是。

句意為：除了教育和先天的不足，還有什么其他因素會影響一個孩子的發(fā)展?

二、閱讀理解

Where do pesticides(殺蟲劑fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?

We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.

Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs," says a wise physician, Dr.Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."

21. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man, ... is part of nature."(Line 3,Para.1)?

A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.

B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.

C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.

D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.

答案: B

詳解：B)。詞匯題。答題關(guān)鍵在于正確理解"like to pretend the contrary"幾個詞的含義，這幾個詞字面原意為：喜歡假裝相反。把它與原句結(jié)合起來看，這一句的意思是：人類，盡管常常表現(xiàn)得恰好相反，卻是自然的一部分。據(jù)此句意來套四個選擇項，就可看出B)(人類表現(xiàn)得好像他不屬于自然是正確答案。

22. What is the author's attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides?

A. Pessimistic.

B. Indifferent.

C. Defensive.

D. Concerned.

答案: D

詳解：D)。觀點題。本文就作者對殺蟲劑的環(huán)境后果的態(tài)度提問。縱觀全文可知，作者在文中一一描述了殺蟲劑明顯和潛在的兩方面危險，提醒人們重視其緩慢的長期效應，可見作者對這一問題是“關(guān)切的”D)項)，而非是“漠不關(guān)心的”B)項)。同時，作者在文中并未悲天憫人，認為殺蟲劑的危害已不可救藥，所以A)項“悲觀的”也不符合題意。而C)項“防御性的”，在文中并無根據(jù)，因為在文中作者并未提出該怎樣解決殺蟲劑的環(huán)境后果問題，因此只有D)是最符合題意的正確答案。

23. In the author's view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____.

A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides

B. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths

C. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention

D. is unavoidable because people can't do without pesticides in farming

答案: A

詳解：A)。推斷題。本題的答案主要見于第二段。從"But this is not the major problem".(但這并不是主要問題及"..., we must be more concerned with the delayed effects...，(我們必須更關(guān)切由于小劑量地吸收無形中污染了我們世界的殺蟲劑而造成的延遲的后果”我們可從中推斷出作者認為“由于大劑量吸入殺蟲劑而突然致死”還不是最糟糕的情況，故A)是正確的。而B)、C)、D)項的內(nèi)容在文中均未提及，所以無法判斷是否是作者的觀點，因而不能入選正確答案。

24. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because _____.

A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people's health

B. the present is more important for them than the future

C. the danger does not become apparent immediately

D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning

答案: C

詳解：C)。推斷題。本題可用篩選法，一一排除錯誤答案。人們?nèi)菀缀鲆曃胗卸净瘜W物質(zhì)所帶來的延遲后果，到底是因為什么呢?先看A)：有限的吸收不會給人類健康帶來危害。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，有毒化學物質(zhì)的生物效果是累積的，而且累積越多，危險越大，因此，即使是有限的吸收，也會有潛伏的危險，可見A)項內(nèi)容錯誤。同樣D)項“人類能經(jīng)受住小劑量有毒物質(zhì)危害”顯然也不對。再看B)：現(xiàn)在比將來重要。根據(jù)最后一段第三句，人類的本性是會忽略將來的危險的，但這并不等于說現(xiàn)在就更重要，所以B)項也沒有正確解釋本題中的原因。只有C)項“危險并沒有立刻顯示出來”，符合原文意旨，特別是最后一句的句意，所以C)是正確答案。

25. It can be concluded from Dr.Dubos'remarks that _____.

A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with

B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal

C. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure

D. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides

答案: D

詳解：D。推斷題。本題關(guān)鍵在于正確理解Dr.Dubos的評論。原句意為：人類很自然地最容易對那些具有征兆的疾病印象深刻，然而有些最致命的疾病卻是慢慢地毫無察覺地擊中他們的。據(jù)此句意，可以容易地推斷出D)為正確答案。

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.

A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.

Consumers shoud complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立體聲音響does not work."

The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers‘rights.

26.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to _____.

A. complain personally to the manager

B. threaten to take the matter to court

C. write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase

D. show some written proof of the purchase to the store

答案：D

解析：答案D.本題答案在原文第一句中可以找到。它的大意是：當顧客發(fā)現(xiàn)他(她所買的商品有毛病或在其他方面未達到制造商所聲稱的標準時，第一步就是將保單或其他有助于解決問題的記錄這家商店看。所以D“向這家商店出示書面證明”，與原文相符，是正確答案。而A“當面向經(jīng)理申訴”，是在第一步中問題得不到解決時才使用，所以它不是此題答案。B“威脅將此事向法庭上訴”是在經(jīng)理未能解決問題，寫信給廠家也未能解決問題時才使用的方法，所以它也不是解決問題的第一步。C“給商店寫一封態(tài)度強硬的抱怨信”也是在第一步中問題得不到解決時才使用的。所以A、B、C均不是正確答案。

27.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to _____.

A. a shop assistant

B. the store manager

C. the manufacturer

D. a public organization

答案：B

解析：答案B.此題源于第二段。作者認為許多消費者使用的簡單而又常用的辦法是直接向商店經(jīng)理投訴。

28.The most effective complaint can be made by _____.

A. showing the faulty item to the manufacturer

B. explaining exactly what is wrong with the item

C. saying firmly that the item is of poor quality

D. asking politely to change the item

答案：B

解析：答案B.原文第四段的大意是：當顧客申訴商品有質(zhì)量問題時，態(tài)度要堅定、有禮貌，特別是如果消費者當場演示就能最有效地達到申訴目的。不能當場演示時也要提出比較具體的質(zhì)量間題。A、C、D三項都是泛泛地說質(zhì)量差、有毛病，而沒能說出該商品哪一個具體的部位有毛病，所以都不是最有效的解決問題的辦法。而B項“準確解釋商品哪里有問題”與原文相符，是正確答案。

29.The phrase "live up to" (Para. 1, Line 2.in the context means _____.

A. meet the standard of

B. realize the purpose of

C. fulfil the demands of

D. keep the promise of

答案：A

解析：答案A.live up to所在句子的意思是：“當顧客發(fā)現(xiàn)他所購買的商品有毛病或在某種程度上沒有達到制造商所聲稱的標準時，…”。B項“實現(xiàn)(制造商所聲稱的目的”，句意不通;C項“滿足(制造商所聲稱的要求”;D項“履行(制造商所聲稱的承諾”，C、D兩項均與原文意思不符。而A項“達到(制造商所聲稱的標準”正是原文所表達的意思，所以是正確答案。

30.Tthe passage tells us _____.

A. how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item

B. how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item

C. how to avoid buying a faulty item

D. how to deal with complaints from customers

答案：B

解析：答案B.從全文看，作者向讀者推薦了幾種申訴偽劣商品的辦法，可見作者是站在顧客的立場上的。而A、D兩項是站在賣方的立場;C項在文章中未提到，所以它們都不是正確答案。B項“如何有效地申訴有質(zhì)量問題的商品”與原文意思相符是此題答案。

What is exactly a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you, you say: I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself. In fact, you are not short of money, but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

A scientific study of lying shows women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie" such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researches show that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the same time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying I wish I were somewhere else now.

31. This passage tells us that _____.

A. telling lies is often necessary in order to avoid being defeated

B. telling lies is often bad because people ought not to be dishonest

C. telling lies is sometimes necessary in order not to hurt someone else's feelings

D. telling lies is not bad at all in most cases

[答案] C

【解析】第一段作者舉的例子，可以得出C“有時為了不傷害其他人的感情說謊是必須的”正確。其它選項的信息在文中沒有明確出現(xiàn)。

32. In Paragraph 2, the sentence "Women are better liars than men do." probably means _____.

A. women are better at telling lies than men

B. women liars are better accepted than men

C. women have a better intention when telling lies

D. women tell fewer lies than men do

[答案] C

【解析】從第二段作者舉例可知女人更愛說"white lie"，即善意的謊言，而男人更有可能說一些嚴重的謊話。所以C選項“女人說謊時有較好的意圖”符合原文。A選項說的太籠統(tǒng)，女人僅在說"white lie"時比男人擅長，而說"serious lie"則不及男人;B、D選項所給信息并未在文中出現(xiàn)。

33. A "white lie" means _____.

A. a lie that is completely unbelievable

B. a lie that is told with a good will

C. a lie that is always believable

D. a lie that often has an evil purpose

[答案] B

【解析】"white lie"的意思是善意的謊言，從文中第二段女人說謊所舉的例子也可以推斷出B選項“帶有善意所說的謊”為正確答案。

34. Politicians and businessmen are supposed to be skilled at telling the kind of lies _____.

A. from which they may gain some advantages

B. that seems to be believable

C. that women are most likely to believe

D. with which they can have better relationship with others

[答案] A

【解析】第二段最后一句“政治家和商人尤其擅長說這種謊話，即可從這些謊言中賺錢或獲利。”而A選項“他們或許可以從中贏得一些好處”與之相一致。

35. It can be concluded from the passage that _____.

A. there is a simple way of finding out if someone is lying

B. from some ways people behave we can know they are lying

C. certain emotions are proof of lying

D. in some situations women are most likely to think businessmen are dishonest

[答案] B

【解析】第三段第一句“對人們行為舉止的研究表明：當人們說謊時，會以大量不起眼的、表面上不重要的方式改變自己的舉止”為主題句，文章所得出的結(jié)論為B選項“從人們的一些行為舉止，我們能夠知道他們在說謊”，與主題句相一致。

How can we get rid of garbage? Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?

These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source, and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage.

For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped(傾倒it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. However, garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil(化石fuels. As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.

Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the cities garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half mil- lion barrels of oil.

Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of gar-bage piling up on the earth.

36.What two problems can man solve by burning garbage?

A.The shortage of energy and air pollution.

B.The shortage of energy and the land to hold garbage.

C.Air pollution and the shortage of fossil fuel.

D.Air pollution and the shortage of land to hold garbage.

答案：B

37.Which of the following is not the result of burning garbage?

A.The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels.

B.The heat produced is used to boil water.

C.The steam produced is used to make electricity.

D.The steam produced is used to heat buildings.

答案：A

38.According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?

A.About 2 million metric tons of garbage is burned in some power plants in Pads, France each year.

B.In a modem society, more and more garbage is produced each year.

C.Using garbage is a good way to solve the problem of energy shortage.

D.It will be too expensive to use garbage as an energy source.

答案：D

39.What is the author's attitude?

A.Delighted.

B.Sad.

C.Agreeing.

D.Disagreeing.

答案：C

40.The best title for the passage may be

A.Garbage and the Earth

B.Fossil Fuel and Garbage

C.Land and Garbage

D.Garbage--Energy Source

答案：D

三、完型填空

根據(jù)下面資料，回答下面試題

For reasons of safety and ease of maintenance, Washington and dozens of other communities are building rubber sidewalks made (41.ground-up tires of cars and bikes. The rubber squares are up to three times more expensive than concrete squares but (42.longer, because tree roots and freezing weather won't crack them. That,(43), could reduce the number of slip-and-fall complaints made (44)uneven pavements. The shock-absorbing surface also happens to be easier on the joints of slow runners and more forgiving when someone slips or falls. And the rubber side-walks are considered more environmentally friendly. They (45.a way to recycle some of the estimated 290 million tires(46.out each year in the United States, and they do not restrict tree roots the way concrete squares (47.Since 2001, a company, Rubber Sidewalks, has been grinding thousands of old tires into small pieces,(48.sticky substances and baking the material into sidewalk sections that weigh less than eleven pounds a square foot, or a quarter of the weight of concrete. The rubber squares are now (49.in two colors of gray and orange. The District of Columbia has spent about $ 60,000 to replace broken concrete with the rubber squares here and there in a residential (50)northeast of the capital.

41. A.of B.on C.by D.for

答案：A

42.A.stay B.last C.exist D.survive

答案：B

解析：本題考查動詞的詞義辨析。stay意為“逗留，停留”;last意為“持續(xù)原來的狀態(tài)”;exist意為“存在”;survive意為“幸存”。根據(jù)句意應該是說橡膠經(jīng)久耐用，故選B。

43.A.by turns B.by return C.in turn D.in return

答案：C

解析：本題考查介詞詞組辨析。by turn意為“輪流，交替地”;by return意為“返回，反饋”;in turn意為“反過來”，常放在句子中間，表示轉(zhuǎn)折;in return意為“作為回報”。根據(jù)上下文可知，樹根和寒冷的天氣不會使橡膠開裂，但成本要比水泥塊高三倍，反過來，能減少因路面不平而引起的滑倒的投訴。

44.A.for B.with C.to D.against

答案：D

解析：本題考查短語的詞義辨析。make for意為“導致，有助于，朝著…前進”;make with意為“產(chǎn)生，提供”;沒有make to的搭配，常見的搭配是make sb.do sth.;make complaints against是個固定搭配短語，意為“控告，對…進行投訴”。根據(jù)句意，和make前面的complaints不難判斷選D。

45.A.furnish B.offer C.give D.refer

答案：B

解析：本題考查動詞的詞義辨析。furnish意為“提供某種有特殊用途的東西”，常用短語為furnish sth.to sb./furnish sb.sth.;offer意為“給別人東西，讓別人來選擇要不要”;give有“直接給予”的意思;refer常搭配介詞to，意為“提到”。根據(jù)句意可知，橡膠人行道提供了一種回收利用廢棄輪胎的方法。

46.A.thrown B.throwing C.threw D.throws

答案：A

解析：本題考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。應用throw的過去分詞作定語修飾輪胎(tires)，意為“被廢棄的輪胎”，故選A項。

47.A.doing B.done C.did D.do

答案：D

解析：本題考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句是個省略句，前文提到restrict，后文為了避免重復，使用動詞do來代替restrict tree roots。由于句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，而且concrete squares是復數(shù)，所以選D。

48.A.add B.added C.adding D.adds

答案：C

解析：本題考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。文章中的主語是rubber sidewalks，謂語has been引導著三個并列的結(jié)構(gòu)相同的分句，前面的grind和后面的bake都用的-ing形式。因此選C項adding。

49.A.available B.accessible C.advisable D.achievable

答案：A

解析：本題考查形容詞的詞義辨析。available意為“可得到的，可利用的”;atcces-sible意為“可靠近的，可到達的”;advisable意為“合適的，可實施的”;achievable意為“可完成的，可實現(xiàn)的”。根據(jù)句意，故選A。

50.A.zone B.location C.position D.Neighborhood

答案：D

解析：本題考查名詞的詞義辨析。zone意為“有特色的地區(qū)、地帶”;location意為“某物設置的地點、方向”;position多指物體相對于其他物體所處的位置或立場;neigh-borhood指鄰居或街坊四鄰。根據(jù)句意應該是說在一處居民住宅區(qū)，故選D。

四、翻譯

51.It is determined through tests that the harmful substances in a fog droplet, such as acid, sodium, salt, amine, phenol, dusts and pathogen microbes, are dozens of times more than that in a normal atmospheric water drop.

答案：據(jù)測定，霧滴中各種酸、堿、鹽、胺、酚、塵埃、病原微生物等有害物質(zhì)的比例，比通常的大氣水滴高出幾十倍。

52.The United States Green Building Council, a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings, will introduce a bird-safety credit this fall as part of its environmental certification process.

答案：美國綠色建筑協(xié)會是一家非盈利工業(yè)組織，鼓勵建造注重環(huán)境的建筑物，并將于今秋引入鳥類安全標準作為其環(huán)境認證過程的一部分。

53.Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds, after habitat(棲息地loss, with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year.

答案：繼棲息地減少之后，這種撞擊是導致遷徙鳥類死亡的第二大原因，據(jù)估計死亡數(shù)量可達十億。

54.If the Chinese people work hard, they can definitely attain this grand strategic objective.

答案：只要中國人民積極奮斗，這個宏偉戰(zhàn)略目標定能達到。

55.For weeks he had worried over how to convince the graduates that they, too, could succeed against seemingly impossible odds, that they could move mountains.

答案：幾個星期以來，他一直苦苦思索著，如何讓這些畢業(yè)生相信，他們也能克服似乎難以挑戰(zhàn)的困難獲取成功，他們也能創(chuàng)造奇跡。

五、寫作(56)

56.Directions：You are to write in 100-120 words on the topic Global Shortage of Fresh Wa-ter.You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below：

1.人們認為淡水是取之不盡的;

2.實際上淡水是短缺的;

3.我們應當怎么辦。

答案：根據(jù)試題大綱要求，可以確定本文是現(xiàn)象闡釋及問題解決型作文。在第一段可首先寫出人們對于淡水的一般看法，然后在第二段指出其實淡水是短缺的，進而在第三段提出解決問題的方法和建議。

【樣文欣賞】

Global Shortage of Fresh Water

People often think that water will never be used up. There is plenty of water, such as rain, water from the rivers and wells. It seems as if water is always available around us and we never have to worry about water shortage.

In fact water is rather limited on the earth. With the rapid increase of population and fast development of industries,water is more needed than before. At the same time,a large amount of water has been polluted and wasted every day. Some big cities in China are facing the problem of water shortage already. There, water supply is controlled and industry has been restrained.

What should we do about the water shortage? I think,first, the people should be made aware of the real situation about the water. Everyone should consciously save water and certain law should be made that no water will be polluted. We have to protect the existing water resources and develop new ones. In this way I believe that our cities will not be thirsty for water in the future.

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