2020年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)《閱讀理解》模擬練習(xí)(18)

2020年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)《閱讀理解》模擬練習(xí)(18)

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage：

Some psychologists(心理學(xué)家)maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone， but that one's muscles also participate. (76)It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.

You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music without moving their body or， more spe-cifically， some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio， he is attracted to direct the orchestra(樂(lè)隊(duì))even though he knows there is a good conductor on the job.

Strange as this behavior may be， there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all pos-sible enjoyment from music unless he participates， so to speak， in its performance. The listener “feels” himself into the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body.

( 77 )The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way， but this participation is less obvious because it is less noticeable.

1. Some psychologists think that thinking is __________.

A. not a mental process

B. more of a physical process than a mental action

C. a process that involves our entire bodies

D. a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain

2. The process of thinking and that of listening to music are similar in that__________.

A. both are mental acts

B. muscles participate in both processes

C. both processes are performed by the entire body

D. we derive equal enjoyment from them

3. Few people are able to listen to familiar music without__________.

A. moving some part of their body

B. stopping what they are doing to listen

C. directing the orchestra playing it

D. wishing that they could conduct music properly

4. The listener's way of “feeling” the music is__________.

A. the unnoticed motion of his muscles

B. “participating” in the performance

C. bending an ear to the music

D. being the conductor of the orchestra

5. According to the passage， muscle participation in the process of thinking is__________.

A. deliberate

B. apparent

C. indistinct

D. impressive

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage：

It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. (78)The meanings of thou-sands of everyday perceptions . the bases for the decisions we make， and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences， which are brought into the present by memory.

Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts， but also involving any change in the way an animal typically behaves. (79)Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain be-cause he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.

Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and ma-chines. Computers， for example， contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100，000 “words”-ready for instant use. An averageU.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100，000 words of Engfish. However， this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider， for example， the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.

The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.

A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.

6. According to the passage， memory is considered to be__________.

A. the basis for decision making and problem solving

B. an ability to store experiences for future use

C. an intelligence typically possessed by human beings

D. the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words

7. The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human be-ing shows that __________.

A. the computer's memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager’s

B. the computer's memory capacity is much smaller that an adult human being’s

C. the computer's memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager’s

D. both A and B

8. The whole passage implies that__________.

A. only human beings have problem-solving intelligence

B. a person‘s memory is different from a computer’s in every respect

C. animals are able to solve only very simple problems

D. animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence

9. The phrase “in terms of” in the last sentence can best be replaced by__________.

A. “in connection with”

B. “expressed by”

C. “consisting”

D. “by means of”

10. The topic of the passage is：__________.

A. What would life be like without memory?

B. Memory is of vital importance to life.

C. How is a person‘s memory different from an animal’s or a computer‘s?

D. What is contained in memory?

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage：

Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services. People use money to buy food， furniture， books， bicycles and hundreds of others they need or want. When they work，they usually get paid in money.

Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. But people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells.

Shells were not the only things used as money. In China， cloth and knives were used. In the Philippine Islands， rice was used as money. In some parts of Africa， cattle were one of the earliest kinds of money. Other animals were used as money， too.

The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the cen-ter. People strung them together and carried them from place to place.

Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. The first coins in England were made of tin. Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money. Later， other countries began to make coins of gold and silver.

But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. They began to use paper money. (80)The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than paper moneused toda.

Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today.

11. Which of the following can be cited as an example of the use of money in exchange for serv- ices?

A. To sell a bicycle for $20.

B. To get some money for old books at a garage sale.

C. To buy things you need or want.

D. To get paid for your work.

12. Where were shells used as money in history?

A. In the Philippines.

B. In China.

C. In Africa.

D. We don't know.

13. Why， according to the passage， did ancient Chinese coins have a square hole in the center?

A. Because it would be easier to put them together and carry them around.

B. Because it would be lighter for people to carry them from place to place.

C. Because people wanted to make it look nicer.

D. Because people wanted to save the expensive metal they were made from.

14. Why does the author say that even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy some- thing expensive?

A. Because they are easy to steal.

B. Because they are difficult for people to obtain.

C. Because they are not easy to carry around.

D. Because they themselves are expensive， too.

15. Which do you choose as the best title for this passage?

A. Money and Its Uses

B. Different Things Used as Money

C. Different Countries， Different Money

D. The History of Money

2020年成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)《閱讀理解》模擬練習(xí)習(xí)題答案見(jiàn)下頁(yè)

答案

Passage l

1.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段第一句提到一些心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為精神活動(dòng)如思考不僅是大腦的活動(dòng)，而且肌肉也參與其中，所以選D.

2.B 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段最后一句提到我們用肌肉思考與用身體聽(tīng)音樂(lè)在某種程度上是一樣的，所以選B.

3.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段中提到很少有人聽(tīng)音樂(lè)時(shí)不扭動(dòng)自己的身體，所以選A.

4.B推理判斷題。第三段第二句提到如果一個(gè)人不參與到音樂(lè)中，也就是音樂(lè)演奏中，那他就無(wú)法從音樂(lè)中獲得所有的樂(lè)趣。

5.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一句提到肌肉以同樣的方式參與了思考的過(guò)程，但并不是十分明顯，因?yàn)樗皇呛苋菀妆蛔⒁獾?。distinct“明顯的，顯著的”，前綴in表示否定。indistinct“不明顯的，不顯著的”。

Passage 2

6.B事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第一句，記憶力就是儲(chǔ)存信息以供將來(lái)使用的能力。所以選B.A、C、D都是記憶力特點(diǎn)的一個(gè)方面，不能單獨(dú)解釋記憶力。

7.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第三段，一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)的“詞匯”能達(dá)到100，000個(gè);一個(gè)十幾歲的少年的詞匯量也能達(dá)到100，000個(gè)。然而，根據(jù)文章，100，000個(gè)單詞只是一個(gè)十幾歲的少年全部記憶存儲(chǔ)的一小部分。所以，計(jì)算機(jī)的“記憶”儲(chǔ)備量要比一個(gè)十幾歲的少年的記憶存儲(chǔ)量小得多。因?yàn)楸容^是在計(jì)算機(jī)和青少年之間進(jìn)行的，與成年人無(wú)關(guān)，所以不能選B.

8.C推理判斷題。從文章第二段小老鼠的例子可判斷，動(dòng)物也有記憶，也有一定解決問(wèn)題的智力，所以C是對(duì)的。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句提到的“高級(jí)智力advanced intelligence”可知?jiǎng)游镆灿兄橇?，只是相比人?lèi)智力低而已，所以A說(shuō)只有人類(lèi)才有解決問(wèn)題的智力是不準(zhǔn)確的;D說(shuō)動(dòng)物解決問(wèn)題靠本能而不靠智力也是不對(duì)的。而根據(jù)文章的第三段，計(jì)算機(jī)在存儲(chǔ)“詞匯”方面和一個(gè)十幾歲的少年是一樣的，所以B說(shuō)計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)和人腦記憶在各方面都不一樣是錯(cuò)誤的。

9.B推理判斷題。in terms of“根據(jù);按照;用…來(lái)說(shuō)”。如果不知道該短語(yǔ)的意思，也可通過(guò)主語(yǔ)“一個(gè)人的大部分記憶”和“詞或詞組”之間的關(guān)系來(lái)判斷。本句的意思是一個(gè)人的大部分記憶都是靠詞和詞組表達(dá)出來(lái)的。

10.B歸納概括題。文章的主題要根據(jù)內(nèi)容來(lái)確定。第一段講的是記憶的重要作用;第二段解釋記憶是什么及其表現(xiàn);第三段講人類(lèi)將記憶功能運(yùn)用到機(jī)器如計(jì)算機(jī)當(dāng)中，并將人的記憶與計(jì)算機(jī)記憶進(jìn)行比較;第四段說(shuō)大部分記憶都是通過(guò)詞匯表現(xiàn)的。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中只有B更貼近文章的主題，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都只是文章涉及的一個(gè)方面，都不具有概括性。

Passage 3

11.D常識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)題。只有D(工作換取錢(qián))才是錢(qián)與服務(wù)的交換，其余三項(xiàng)全是錢(qián)與商品的交換。

12.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由于文章沒(méi)有提到貝殼最初是在哪里被用做貨幣的，所以選D。

13.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。見(jiàn)文章第四段的二、三兩句，中國(guó)古代的銅錢(qián)有孔，主要是因?yàn)槿藗優(yōu)榱藬y帶方便要將之串起來(lái)。所以選A。

14.C推理判斷題。由于金銀很重，如果要花很多錢(qián)買(mǎi)某件東西的話，攜帶起來(lái)會(huì)很不方便。

15.D歸納概括題。本文章的寫(xiě)作脈絡(luò)很清晰：先由今天的錢(qián)(紙幣或硬幣)說(shuō)起，引出世界上最早的錢(qián)(每個(gè)國(guó)家都有不同的物來(lái)充當(dāng)貨幣)，接著談到最早的硬幣，之后隨著錢(qián)的改進(jìn)，出現(xiàn)了紙幣。最后作者總結(jié)錢(qián)的發(fā)展是一段有趣的歷史?？梢?jiàn)文章的主要內(nèi)容是講錢(qián)的發(fā)展歷史，所以選D。

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