2021年成人英語三級(jí)考試閱讀理解練習(xí)（一）

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2021年成人英語三級(jí)考試閱讀理解練習(xí)：

What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say“I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself.”n fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie ?

Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study on lying.

According to him, women are better liars than a men, particularly when telling a“white lie,”such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to pofit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small,apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying, “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also, tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch.

Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book

Man watching calls "the mouth cover." He says there are several typical forms of this, such as coveting part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part

of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

(1) According to the passage, a "white lie" seems to be a lie __________

A.that other people believe

B.that other people don't believe

C.told in order to avoid offending someone

D.told in order to take advantage of someone

參考答案：C

解題思路：全篇圍繞“謊言”這一主題展開敘述：第一段通過舉例及疑問的方式探討究竟什么才算是謊言;第二段介紹了南加州大學(xué)的Jerald Jellison教授做過一個(gè)關(guān)于說謊的科學(xué)研究的結(jié)論，即男人和女人說謊是不同的，男人更可能說更嚴(yán)重的謊言;第三段則介紹了說謊時(shí)行為上的一些細(xì)微改變;第四段主要講述了說謊時(shí)“捂嘴”這一具體行為;最后又補(bǔ)充說明以上舉止并不能構(gòu)成講話者正在說謊的證據(jù)，而是一系列的事情，特別是說謊者說謊的上下文背景才能證明他在說謊。 本題考查的是考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第一、二段。第一段中“you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this.”第二段又用舉例的方法解釋了white lie的含義。這個(gè)例子就是“such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful.”

(2)Research suggests that women__________

A.are better at telling less serious lies than men

B.generally lie far more than men do

C.lie at parties more often than men do

D.often make promises they intend to break

參考答案：A

解題思路：本題考查的也是考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對(duì)應(yīng)文章的第二段。該段比較了男人和女人說謊的不同，并說明男人更可能說更嚴(yán)重的謊言。參見第二段中句子：“Other researchers sav that men are more likely to tell more serious lies…”這里的比較就是與前一句中女人撒謊相比。

(3)Researchers find that when a person tells lies__________

A.his blood pressure increases measurably

B.he looks very serious

C.he tends to make some small changes in his behavior

D.he uses his unconscious mind

參考答案：C

解題思路：本題考查的也是考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對(duì)應(yīng)于第三段第一句：Research has also been done into the way people’S behavior changes in a number of small，apparently unimportant ways when they lie.同樣有人研究當(dāng)人們說謊時(shí)他們行為的一些細(xì)小的、看似不重要的改變。很容易看出答案C與該句符合。

(4)One reason why people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that_________

A.they wish they were somewhere else

B.the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying

C.they want to cover their mouths

D.they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies

參考答案：B

解題思路：本題考查的也是考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對(duì)應(yīng)于第三段最后一句：The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch.鼻尖對(duì)這樣的變化非常敏感，血壓的增加使得它發(fā)癢，即與B選項(xiàng)吻合。

(5)The tone of this passage tells us that the writer__________

A.hates to lie

B.enjoys lying

C.often tells a lie

D.tries to analyze lying

參考答案：D

解題思路：此題考查的是考生對(duì)整篇短文的觀點(diǎn)的理解。文章首先講到男人女人說謊的不同，而后又分析說謊時(shí)人們行為方式的變化等等，所以文章是在分析說謊。其他洗項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

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