成人英語三級(jí)閱讀理解考試范圍

    閱讀理解（Part I Reading Comprehension）,共15題，考試時(shí)間40分鐘。

    要求考生閱讀三篇短文，總閱讀量不超過900個(gè)詞。每篇文章后有五個(gè)問題，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從每題中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。短文選材的原則是：

    1． 題材廣泛。包括人物傳記、社會(huì)、文化、日常知識(shí)、熱門話題及科普常識(shí)等。但所涉及的背景知識(shí)應(yīng)能為學(xué)生所理解。 2． 體裁多樣。包括敘述文、說明文、議論文等。

    3． 文章的語言為中等難度。無法猜測(cè)而又影響理解的關(guān)鍵詞，如超出全日制文理科教學(xué)大綱中詞匯表一至三級(jí)的范圍，則用漢語注明詞義。

    閱讀和答題方法 

    一、 閱讀方法

    1． 根據(jù)上下文，猜測(cè)詞義

    在做閱讀題時(shí)，考生不可能知道所有詞匯的意義，不可避免會(huì)遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯或固定短語。只要生詞不多，考生通過提高自己的猜詞能力，同樣可以理解一個(gè)句子、一個(gè)段落，乃至一篇文章的含義。

    （1） 考生通過構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義

    1） 派生法

    有些單詞是由前綴或后綴加上詞根構(gòu)成。
    如：in+correct=incorrdct
    use+ful=useful

    2)合成法

    有些單詞是由兩個(gè)單詞合成的。
    如：green+house=greenhouse
    ice+box=icebox

    3)縮略法

    有些單詞由于所含的字母太多，在文章中出現(xiàn)時(shí)，通常用縮略的形式。
    如：advertisement－ad.
    Laboratory－lab.

    4)拼綴法

    有些單詞是由兩個(gè)單詞拼綴而成的，但與合成詞不同的是拼綴后的單詞并不是兩個(gè)單詞的簡(jiǎn)單相加。
    如：smoke+fog－smog（煙霧）
    Chinese+English－Chinglish（中文式英文）

    （2） 考生通過分析生詞所在的句子、段落的上下文，運(yùn)用自己所掌握的語法構(gòu)詞法以及對(duì)其背景的了解，可以決定許多詞在特定句子、段落中的內(nèi)在涵義。

    運(yùn)用上下文猜測(cè)詞義，必須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

    1） 利用句子中自己能理解的其他詞匯用句子的基本含義來推斷生詞的詞義。
    2） 運(yùn)用所掌握的英語語法和表達(dá)句子中各部分關(guān)系的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)來判斷生詞的含義。
    3） 僅僅要求了解該生詞的大概意義，不一定要明白該詞匯的定義或同義詞。

    2． 略讀

    略讀（或稱為跳躍式閱讀）的重點(diǎn)在于找出一個(gè)段落的中心思想?？梢赃\(yùn)用詞匯手段（如詞根、前綴、后綴等）、靠上下文猜測(cè)詞義等方法了解不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯或句子的含義。在此基礎(chǔ)上，一個(gè)不容易理解的段落可以通過詞匯省略的方法找出其主要的思想或觀點(diǎn)。段落的理解在很大程度上取決于對(duì)其中句子的理解。英語中由于存在許多從句，常常使不適應(yīng)英語思維的人感到困惑，產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)覺，因而難于達(dá)到對(duì)段落意義的正確理解。略讀則可以幫助我們解決這個(gè)難點(diǎn)。
 
    略讀的方法是首先看一下標(biāo)題（在標(biāo)題的情況下）。接著讀第一段，抓住中心思想。再瀏覽一下其他段落的首句和末句。最后讀完結(jié)尾段，這樣就達(dá)到了略讀的目的。

    略讀要點(diǎn)一、將不熟悉的困難詞語放棄不讀，領(lǐng)會(huì)句子大意。

    略讀要點(diǎn)二、閱讀中有時(shí)會(huì)遇到一些較長(zhǎng)的句子，可以通過語法結(jié)構(gòu)了解什么是支撐主題的細(xì)節(jié)描寫句，略去細(xì)節(jié)描寫的部分，直接讀出其中心含義。

    略讀要點(diǎn)三、特別注意那些重要的構(gòu)詞和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)導(dǎo)致重要詞匯意義的改變。 通常，略讀適用于考查文章言主旨或大意的試題。

    例：
    After a hectic day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day .The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.

    There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.

    Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream, Scientists who study sleep state say that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands rapid eye movement.

    If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!
Question: A good title for this passage is____.

    A. sleep
    B. good health
    C. dreams
    D. work and rest

    說明：本題屬于主旨型試題，答案為A項(xiàng)。全文共分為四段。第一段說明睡眠的重要性；第二段解釋睡眠的四個(gè)階段用睡眠中肌肉、心跳各大腦的活動(dòng)；第三段指出做夢(mèng)時(shí)伴有眼球活動(dòng)這一現(xiàn)象；第四段告訴我們治療失眠的辦法。這四段一環(huán)扣一環(huán)，始終沒有離開睡眠這一主題，所以A項(xiàng)是正確答案?；卮鸨绢}時(shí)，考生無需逐句地讀，只讀首句或末句就行了。

    3． 迅讀

    無論是在我們平時(shí)的閱讀，還是考生在考試時(shí)的閱讀，常常需要了解段落的主題或文章的中心思想，還需要掌握一定的細(xì)節(jié)。這時(shí)，我們就得運(yùn)用另一種閱讀技巧，它就是我們這里將講的迅讀。迅讀是一種比一般速度高一倍以上的閱讀方法，目的是迅速?gòu)奈闹姓业剿栊畔?，解決問題。
    迅讀要領(lǐng)一：首先確定你需要什么事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，并對(duì)其形式進(jìn)行估計(jì)。

    迅讀要領(lǐng)二：在略讀中由于對(duì)各段落和句子已進(jìn)行過分析，已大致了解主題和細(xì)節(jié)，并進(jìn)行過勾勒，這時(shí)就可以考慮確定在什么地方去找自己需要的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)或說明。

    迅讀要領(lǐng)三：盡快用眼睛掃過文章，找到自己需要的細(xì)節(jié)描述部分，并在有關(guān)句子下做出各種記憶符號(hào)。文章瀏覽完畢，再將劃線部分（或做其他符號(hào)）重新詳讀一次，并進(jìn)行適當(dāng)推理。
通常，迅讀法適用于事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)型閱讀理解試題。

    例：

    Languages are marvelously complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture: they embody the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture; in the words of a poet and philosopher,” As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives”. A culture and its languages are as inseparable as brain and body; while one is a part of the other, neither can function without the other. In learning a foreign language, the best beginning is with the non-verbal linguistic elements of the language, its gestures, its body language. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact leads to understanding, or, as the English maxim has it, seeing eye-to-eye. We can never see eye-to-eye with a native speaker of English until we have learned to look directly into his eyes.
Question: According to this passage, the best way to learn a foreign language is____.

    A. to read the works of poets and philosophers
    B. to find a native speaker and look directly into his eyes
    C. to begin by learning its body language
    D. to visit a country where English is spoken

    說明：本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)型試題，答案為C項(xiàng)。原文中的第四名“In learning a foreign language, the best beginning is with the non-verbal linguistic elements of the language, its gestures, its body language.”，其中“non-verbal”意為“非語言的”。此句大意為：學(xué)外語最好由非文字性語言因素開始經(jīng)，即從學(xué)習(xí)講這種語言的人的手勢(shì)、肢體語言入手。因此“to begin by learning its body language”正好與題意吻合，故應(yīng)推斷C項(xiàng)為正確答案。考生只需運(yùn)用迅讀法，快速找到這句話所在位置，然后根據(jù)句意做出正確的判斷。

    4． 研讀法（study reading）

    除了在閱讀理解中運(yùn)用略讀法和讀法之外，有時(shí)還需要仔細(xì)閱讀文章的某一特定部分，力求對(duì)其有較深的理解，或?qū)ζ溥M(jìn)行歸納、總結(jié)、推斷等。這時(shí)就需要對(duì)這部分仔細(xì)閱讀，以便理解作者言外之意。這種仔細(xì)的閱讀方法就研讀法，通常適用于推斷型閱讀理解試題。

    例：

    Very high waves are destructive when they strike the land. Fortuately, this seldom happens. One reason is that out at sea, waves moving in one direction almost always run into waves moving in a different direction. The two sets of waves tend to cancel each other out. Another reason is that water is shallower near the shore. As a wave gets closer to land, the shallow bottom helps reduce its strength.
But the power of waves striking the shore can still be very great. During a winter gale, waves sometimes strike the shore with the force of 6,000 pounds for each square foot. That means a wave, 25 feet high and 500 feet along its face, may strike the shore with a force of 75 million pounds.

    Yet the waves, no matter how big or how violent, affect only the surface of the sea. During most raging storms, the water a hundred fathoms(600 feet) beneath the surface is just as calm as on a day without a breath of wind.

    Question: From your reading of the paragraph, which of the following is true?

    A. At a depth of 1,200 feet the effects ofa violent surface storm are frightful.
    B. A submarine commander navigating his vessel at a depth of 700 feet will not be affected by a raging surface storm.
    C. A typhoon 500 miles out at sea can stir up the ocean bed.
D. If high waves can strike the shore with a horizontal force of 75 million pounds, the vertical force of such waves can have an even greater effect upon the ocean floor.

    說明：本題答案為B項(xiàng)。此項(xiàng)為判斷題。在本文報(bào)后一段，作者表述的意思為：不管海浪多高，多兇猛，它只影響到海面以下有限的深度。即使在最大的風(fēng)暴中，600英尺以下嘗試的水域也會(huì)像沒有一絲風(fēng)的白天那樣風(fēng)平浪靜。選頊A意為“狂風(fēng)巨浪會(huì)對(duì)1200英尺以下的水域造成可怕的影響”；B項(xiàng)意為“一名在水深700英尺以下駕駛潛艇行的指揮員有會(huì)受海面上的狂風(fēng)巨浪的影響”；C項(xiàng)意為“風(fēng)速每小時(shí)500<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-,fon