2014年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ怋級閱讀判斷
Radiocarbon Dating
Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳), or carbon-14, dating. One key to understanding how and by something happened is to discover when it happened.
Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at he University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons(中子) and six neutrons (質(zhì)子) in its nucleus. Carbon-14, or C-14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons (原子核). It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay (衰減). This process involves the loss of he extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.
In Libby's radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions (放射) from his decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. he decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated.
Carbon-14 is produced in the Earth's atmosphere when nitrogen (氮)-14, or N-14,
interacts with cosmic rays (宇宙射線). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the mount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.
All life on Earth is made of organic molecules (分子) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14
atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues (組織). Once an organism (有機(jī)體) dies it tops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is.
16 Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects
A、Right、B Wrong、C、Not mentioned、
17 The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old
A、Right、B Wrong、C、Not mentioned
18 An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons
A、Right、B Wrong、C、Not mentioned
19 Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon
A、Right、B Wrong、C、Not mentioned
20 Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years.
A、Right、B Wrong、C、Not mentioned
21 The C-14 in an organism begins to decay when it dies
A、Right、B Wrong、C、Not mentioned
22 The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years.
A、Right、B Wrong、C、Not mentioned
參考答案:
16 A 17 B 18 B 19 C 20 A
21 A 22 C
環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示:如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問,請登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱英語頻道及論壇,隨時(shí)與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!
編輯推薦:
2014年職稱英語考試報(bào)名時(shí)間匯總
2013年職稱英語考試真題及答案交流
2014年職稱英語等級考試輔導(dǎo)招生簡章
2014年職稱英語考試高端押題保過套餐
環(huán)球網(wǎng)校2012職稱英語考試輔導(dǎo)通過率
最新資訊
- 重慶2017年職稱英語理工類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)補(bǔ)全短文2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語理工類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)概括大意2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語理工類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)完形填空2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語理工類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)詞匯選項(xiàng)2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語綜合類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)完形填空2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語綜合A類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)詞匯選項(xiàng)2017-09-08
- 重慶2017年職稱英語綜合類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)概括大意2017-08-10
- 重慶2017年職稱英語綜合類考試考前沖刺練習(xí)閱讀判斷2017-08-10
- 職稱英語理工類閱讀理解練習(xí)八2017-06-12
- 職稱英語理工類閱讀理解練習(xí)七2017-06-12