2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)(綜合類(lèi))教材概括大意文章及譯文3

　　English and English Community

　　1 There is no denying that1 English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity2 to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.

　　2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the conimunity share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in aneighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.

　　3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience3, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.

　　4 English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.4 English has been adoptedas the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.

　　5 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture;5 a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.

　　注釋?zhuān)?/P>

　　1.There is no denying that…：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……

　　2.uniformity：一致性。uniformity是uniform的名詞形式。全句譯為：最終，這種語(yǔ)言具有足夠的統(tǒng)一性，致使所有在英格蘭居住的人都能使用。

　　3.for convenience：意為“為了……方便起見(jiàn)”

　　4.English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.對(duì)世界上許多在國(guó)際交往中把英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)是在公共活動(dòng)的幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域中可供選用的語(yǔ)言之一。

　　5.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture.第二語(yǔ)言記載的歷史和文學(xué)記述了一個(gè)民族真實(shí)和虛構(gòu)的生活和文化。句中history和real lives相對(duì)應(yīng)，literature和fictional lives相對(duì)應(yīng)。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.Paragraph 2_________

　　2.Paragraph 3_________

　　3.Paragraph 4_________

　　4.Paragraph 5_________

　　A The Wide Use of English

　　B Historical Account of English and Its Community

　　C The Advantages of Learning a Second Language

　　D The Composition of the English Community

　　E The Threat That English Poses to Other Languages

　　F The Definition of a Speech Community

　　5.Only through the shared language_________.

　　6 The idea of the national boundaries is often different from_________.

　　7.Speakers are classified into two groups_________.

　　8.An understanding of English_________.

　　A that of a speech community

　　B can a speech community be formed

　　C in order to learn English better

　　D for the sake of simplicity

　　E has played an important role in the field of education

　　F is widely used in several areas of public activity

　　答案與題解：

　　1.F 此段解釋何為語(yǔ)言群體，最后一句話(huà)是關(guān)鍵，可以看做是語(yǔ)言群體的定義。

　　2.D 此段是講英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言群體包括的兩類(lèi)人，所以用composition“構(gòu)成”一詞。

　　3.A 此段講述英語(yǔ)在全世界許多領(lǐng)域被廣泛應(yīng)用，如航空、商務(wù)、外交、教育等。

　　4.C 此段主要談的是學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言的益處，最后一句話(huà)更具體到學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的益處。

　　5.B 答案來(lái)自第一段最后一句，說(shuō)明人們是通過(guò)他們所擁有的共同語(yǔ)言組成一個(gè)語(yǔ)言群體。以only開(kāi)頭的句子謂語(yǔ)部分要求使用倒裝句。

　　6.A 第二段第四句話(huà)表明國(guó)界與語(yǔ)言群體的界限并不總是一致的。that用來(lái)替代the+有關(guān)前述名詞，以避免重復(fù)。

　　7.D 第三段第二句表明，為了方便起見(jiàn)我們將說(shuō)話(huà)者分為兩類(lèi)。for the sake of指“出于……的考慮”。

　　8.E 第四段最后一句話(huà)表明教育越來(lái)越依賴(lài)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的理解。也就是說(shuō)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的理解能力在教育中起著重要的作用。

　　譯文：英語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)群體

　　毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)英語(yǔ)是一種有用的語(yǔ)言。現(xiàn)在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人構(gòu)成類(lèi)除了漢語(yǔ)者之外最大的語(yǔ)言群體。最初他們是從北歐定居英格蘭的一些小部落。他們的語(yǔ)言變得越來(lái)越相似。最終，這種語(yǔ)言具有類(lèi)足夠的統(tǒng)一性，致使所有在英格蘭居住的人都能使用。人們由于共享同一種語(yǔ)言而組成了一個(gè)語(yǔ)言群體。

　　一個(gè)語(yǔ)言群體和其他類(lèi)型的群體相似。構(gòu)成這個(gè)群體的人共同使用一種語(yǔ)言。通常他們彼此相鄰，就像四鄰、一個(gè)村莊或城市那樣。通常他們組成一個(gè)國(guó)家。然而國(guó)界并不一定是一種語(yǔ)言群體的分界線(xiàn)。一個(gè)語(yǔ)言群體是講同一種語(yǔ)言的人群，無(wú)論他們住在哪里。

　　我們可以說(shuō)講英語(yǔ)的人都屬于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言群體。為了方便起見(jiàn)，我們可以把說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人分為兩類(lèi)：第一類(lèi)中講話(huà)者把英語(yǔ)作為他的母語(yǔ)，另一類(lèi)中講話(huà)者因?yàn)榻逃?、商業(yè)等目的把英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言來(lái)學(xué)。

　　對(duì)世界上許多國(guó)際交往中把英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)是在公共活動(dòng)的幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域中可供選用的語(yǔ)言之一。英語(yǔ)被用作空中交通、商業(yè)和國(guó)際外交的語(yǔ)言。而且，英語(yǔ)是世界上大部分出版物所用的語(yǔ)言，因此教育開(kāi)始嚴(yán)重地依賴(lài)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的理解。

　　學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言能開(kāi)闊人的眼界和拓寬人的思維。第二語(yǔ)言記載的歷史和文學(xué)記述類(lèi)一個(gè)民族真實(shí)和虛構(gòu)的生活和文化;了解它們能夠提高我們的理解力，并且像他們那樣去感受。把英語(yǔ)作為第二外語(yǔ)來(lái)學(xué)口語(yǔ)提供另一種交流途徑，通過(guò)這個(gè)途徑整個(gè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言群體的窗口就成為我們的文化遺產(chǎn)的一部分。

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