2014年職稱英語(yǔ)(理工類)教材概括大意文章及譯文9

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　　More Rural Research Is Needed

　　1　Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year, but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead1。

　　2　“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition and poverty,” he said.

　　3　Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation2 and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies3 led to economic growth which, in turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world’s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expected to rise from 5.8 to 8 billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve4 but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Afiica and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Afiica. The major inqjrovement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.

　　4　The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)on5 research, and the developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.

　　5　He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs for Mexico, China or India6.

　　6　“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently,” Dr. Fischer said.

　　7　Yields of rice, wheat and maize have grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2-8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth, such as high-yield varieties, fertilisers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you’re going to have to increase yield,” Dr. Fischer said.

　　詞匯：

　　funding 為……提供資金，撥?？?moder 調(diào)制解調(diào)器

　　malnutrition 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良 degradation 降級(jí)，(土地)貧瘠化

　　gross 總的，全部的 domestic 國(guó)內(nèi)的

　　gross demostic product國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 spin-off 有用的副產(chǎn)品

　　strategic 戰(zhàn)略的 application 應(yīng)用 hectare 公頃

　　注釋：

　　1.... but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead：……但由于有了現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和新技術(shù)的開發(fā)，世界應(yīng)該能夠不斷前進(jìn)。ones指代前面的technologies。

　　2.land degradation：土地貧瘠化

　　3.secure local food supplies：穩(wěn)定的當(dāng)?shù)丶Z食供應(yīng)

　　4.He said that things will probably hold or improve …：他說情況很可能保持現(xiàn)狀或有所改善……h(huán)old：保持。

　　5.invest ... on：這是一個(gè)固定動(dòng)詞用法，意思是“把……投資于”。

　　6.He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs for Mexico, China or India：他說糧食研究會(huì)開發(fā)出新技術(shù)，這些新技術(shù)又會(huì)傳播到許多國(guó)家，例如小麥生產(chǎn)研究的成果已經(jīng)在墨西哥、中國(guó)或印度得到應(yīng)用。spread across：傳播到。having spin-offs for ...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，修飾wheat production research。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.Paragraph 1 _____

　　2.Paragraph 3 _____

　　3.Paragraph 4 _____

　　4.Paragraph 7 _____

　　A　The Same or Improved Food Supply Situation in 2020

　　B　Research Focus on Increased Yield

　　C　More Research Funding Needed

　　D　Local Situations Analyzed

　　E　Increase in Investment on Agricultural Research

　　F　Sustained Development of Modem Technologies

　　5.Dr. Fischer claims that agriculture will continue to develop _____.

　　6.Land can be saved for other purposes _____.

　　7.The investment can be regarded as efficient _____.

　　8.The global decrease in investment should be changed _____.

　　A　if we can drive yield up

　　B　when Mexico, China and India join in the project

　　C　if we want to fight against malnutrition and poverty

　　D　when we use modern technologies and develop new ones

　　E　when the developed world helps the developing world

　　F　when strategic research can be utilized worldwide

　　答案與題解：

　　1.E　本段談及糧食需求以每年2.5%的速度遞增，所以農(nóng)業(yè)研究資金的投入至關(guān)重要。

　　2.A　本段引用了費(fèi)舍的觀點(diǎn)，如果能進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)研究，在本世紀(jì)第一個(gè)25年中，即使世界人口從58億增加到80億，糧食供應(yīng)的格局和現(xiàn)在大致相同或有所改善。

　　3.C　本段指出，農(nóng)業(yè)研究的資金投入還要增加。

　　4.B　本段的中心思想是提高農(nóng)作物的單位面積產(chǎn)量。過去30年的實(shí)踐證明提高單位面積產(chǎn)量是可能的。

　　5.D　本題答案的依據(jù)是第一段第二句的后半句：... with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.

　　6.A　答案可在最后一段找到。原句是：If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you’re going to have to increase yield ...

　　7.F　第六段有這么一句話：... a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently，提示我們，選項(xiàng)F是答案。

　　8.C　答案可在第二段找到。原句是：The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition and poverty ...

　　譯文：需要進(jìn)行更多的農(nóng)業(yè)研究

　　如果世界人民想比現(xiàn)在吃得更好，農(nóng)業(yè)研究資金的投入至關(guān)重要。農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家托尼?費(fèi)舍博士說過需要每年增長(zhǎng)2.5%，但由于有了現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和新技術(shù)的開發(fā)，世界應(yīng)該能夠不斷前進(jìn)。

　　他說：“要想在減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良和貧困方面取得巨大的進(jìn)步，就必須扭轉(zhuǎn)全球?qū)?guó)際農(nóng)業(yè)研究投入下滑的趨勢(shì)?！?/P>

　　解決糧食生產(chǎn)、土地貧瘠化和環(huán)境污染問題，必須進(jìn)行研究。穩(wěn)定地當(dāng)?shù)丶Z食供應(yīng)可以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，放慢人口增長(zhǎng)速度。費(fèi)舍博士描繪說，世界有能力在人口由58億增加到80億的頭25年實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食供應(yīng)充足。情況很可能保持現(xiàn)狀或有所改善，但仍會(huì)有大批人口處于饑餓當(dāng)中。2020年貧窮和饑餓人口最大集中地位撒哈拉以南的非洲部分和南非，這與目前情況類似。如果有什么變化的話，也只是在南亞有稍微改善，而不是在撒哈拉以南的非洲。執(zhí)意要改善地區(qū)將是東亞、南美和東南亞。

　　發(fā)展中國(guó)家每年將農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的大約0.5%(80億美元)用于研究，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家則用2.5%的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值進(jìn)行研究。費(fèi)舍博士說，所有國(guó)家都需要更多的資金。

　　他說糧食研究會(huì)開發(fā)出新技術(shù)，這些新技術(shù)又會(huì)傳播到許多國(guó)家，例如小麥生產(chǎn)研究的成果已經(jīng)在墨西哥、中國(guó)或印度得到應(yīng)用。

　　他說：“技術(shù)仍需因地制宜進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，但許多戰(zhàn)略性研究可以在全球應(yīng)用，所以可以非常有效地利用財(cái)力?！?/P>

　　在過去30年中，大米、小麥和玉米的產(chǎn)量大幅度增長(zhǎng)，尤其是在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，例如，1950年到1995年，玉米產(chǎn)量由每公頃2噸增加到每公頃8噸。但是，推動(dòng)高產(chǎn)的技術(shù)，不如高產(chǎn)新品種、化肥以及灌溉，正在消耗殆盡。費(fèi)舍博士說：|如果你想騰出土地做非農(nóng)業(yè)用途，保護(hù)森林和野生動(dòng)物，就必須提高單位面積產(chǎn)量。”