2014年職稱英語(理工類)教材補全短文文章及譯文9

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　Heat Is Killer

　　Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems ― even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. (l) .Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. ( 2) .Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.

　　(3) . Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials ; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose，permitting freedom of movement1. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting, that are linked to heat. (4) . The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity3 for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.

　　Doctors say some peoples face an increased danger from heat stress. (5).

　　Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure4，poor blood flow，nervousness or depression.

　　詞匯：

　　eruption .爆發(fā)，噴發(fā) vomit 嘔吐

　　deadly 致命的 muscle肌肉 synthetic 合成的

　　注釋：

　　1.Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement.衣月艮――定要寬松，以便活 .動自如。make sure意為“確信，保證”，其后面從句的謂語要用一般現(xiàn)在時。一如:Make sure the door is locked before you leave0 permitting freedom of movement 是分詞短語，用做目的狀語。

　　2.The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot.疼痛是一個警告，說明你的身體 過熱。that the body is becoming too hot 是同位語從句，與 warning 同位，說明 warning 的 內(nèi)容

　　3.physical activity ：體力活動

　　4.Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure ...： 炎熱天氣對于那些必須服藥以控制血壓的人，??…也增加了危險性。

　　練習：

　　A Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system.

　　B Several of these conditions are present at the same time.

　　C Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress.

　　D Several hot days are considered a heat wave.

　　E So does extreme heat.

　　F Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.E本文&標題是Heat Is Killer,通篇文章說的是heat的危害性及預(yù)防方法?！翱?”前面的 句子是，"Floods，storms, volcano eruptions and other natural events kill thousands of people every year"，“空 1”后面的句子是，“…h(huán)eat may be nature's deadliest killer"。所以這里應(yīng)將最致命的殺手E提出。

　　2.D “空2”后面的句子說到heat waves,而選項D的句子中也出現(xiàn)heat wave,說明這兩個句 子意思上有聯(lián)系?！翱?”的句子是對“heatwave”下定義，為下一句的展開作了鋪墊。D是答案。

　　3.F第一段末尾說，白天的熱浪，如果到夜晚沒有降溫，會給身體帶來巨大壓力，這是很危險 的。第二段就列舉了許多保護自己免受高溫傷害的方法?！翱?”的句子應(yīng)該是位于段首的 概括句。選項F說人們有多種辦法保護自己，完全符合要求，因此是答案。

　　4.C緊跟“空4”后面句子中有特指的the pain,說明前文一定出現(xiàn)過pain這個詞。選項C 的句子中有pain，且C的句子填入后，上下文意思連貫，所以是答案。

　　5.A “空5”前面的句子意思為：某些人在熱浪期間特別危險。讀者或許會問，是哪些人呢? 選項A回答了這個問題，所以是答案。

　　譯文：高溫殺手

　　世界各地常常會出現(xiàn)高溫天氣。別以為高溫僅僅讓人們感覺炎熱，實際上它還會引發(fā)疾 病――甚至死亡。每年數(shù)芐萬人死于洪水、風暴、火山噴發(fā)和其他自然災(zāi)害。極熱天氣也是如此。 老師指出，高溫可能是大自然最致命的殺手。近來，印度有一百多人死于高溫天氣。據(jù)報道，一 天或七天里遭受持續(xù)高溫的襲擊將影響健康。持續(xù)幾天的高溫被稱為熱浪。老師?K，白天的熱浪， 如果到夜晚沒有降溫，:會給身體帶來巨大壓力，這是很危險的。

　　醫(yī)生說，人們有很多方法保護自己免受高溫的侵害。如果可能的話，盡量避免陽光直射，多 喝涼水。要穿天然材料制作的淺色服裝，不穿合成面料服裝。衣服一定要寬松，以便活動自如。 了解高溫引發(fā)疾病的危險信號，比如頭疼、嘔吐。大多數(shù)人遭受高溫僅會感到肌肉疼痛。疼痛是 一個警告，說明你的身體過熱。醫(yī)生提出，一旦感覺頭疼和肌肉疼痛就應(yīng)該停止一切活動，在陰 涼地方休息，喝清涼飲料。幾小時內(nèi)都不要進行體力活動，否則還會導(dǎo)致更嚴重的狀況。

　　醫(yī)生還指出，一些特殊群體在熱浪期間特別危險。他們心臟衰弱、有高血壓或其他心血管病。 炎熱天氣對于那些必須服藥以控制血壓、血流不暢、精神緊張、抑郁的人也是特別危險的。