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2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材閱讀判斷文章及譯文10

更新時(shí)間:2015-12-10 11:50:58 來源:|0 瀏覽0收藏0
摘要 為了方便廣大考生備考,環(huán)球網(wǎng)校特地整理了教材上的素材,供大家練習(xí)/選讀,希望對(duì)大家復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。

  點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入:2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材閱讀判斷文章匯總

  衛(wèi)生類-閱讀判斷  

Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast Cancer

  Exercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer.

  Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy2 can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet.

  New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive3. The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body.

  Researchers at Brigham Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive: The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it.

  Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But in the past, researchers have suggested that three things may play a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the use of growth hormones in cows. And the third is the kind of iron in red meat: The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

  And now we have more to tell you about our subject ― resveratrol. We discussed a study in the United States that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it.

  Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance ― again, at least in mice. They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests4 as mice normally could. The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology5 appeared in the journal Cell.

  詞匯:

  breast 胸;乳房 breastfeed 哺乳,喂奶

  hormone 激素,荷爾蒙 therapy 療法,治療

  receptor 接收器,感受器;受體 estrogen 雌激素

  progesterone .黃體酮,孕酮(孕激素類藥) serving 一份飯菜

  process .處理;加工 resveratrol .白藜蘆醇(抗腫瘤藥)

  compound .混合物;化合物;復(fù)合物 treadmill .(古時(shí)罰囚犯踩踏的)踏車;(喻)單調(diào)的工作

  genetics 遺傳學(xué) molecular 分子的

  cellular 細(xì)胞的 cell 細(xì)胞

  注釋:

  1.breast cancer:乳腺癌

  2.replacement therapy:補(bǔ)充療法,補(bǔ)償療法(應(yīng)用機(jī)體天然產(chǎn)物或合成代用品補(bǔ)充機(jī)體的形成或缺陷)

  3.hormone-receptor positive:激素受體陽性

  4.treadmill test:跑步測(cè)試

  5. Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology:傳學(xué)、分子生物學(xué)及細(xì)胞生物學(xué)研究所

  練習(xí):

  1.Breastfeeding helps women prevent the development of breast cancer to a certain degree.

  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

  2.Estrogen may contribute to the development of breast cancer as much as hormone replacement therapy.

  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

  3.The amount of red meat a woman eats is directly proportional to the probability of breast cancer.

  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

  4.The way red meat is prepared has much to do with the probability of breast cancer.

  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

  5.Any kind of iron in the food is a contributor to the development of breast cancer.

  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

  6.Resveratrol is the fourth factor recently found that causes a breast cancer to develop.

  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

  7.Any kind of wine contains resveratrol.

  A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

  答案與題解:

  1.A第二段第一句明確說到喂奶可以減少婦女患乳腺癌的危險(xiǎn)性。

  2.A第二段說到激素補(bǔ)充療法會(huì)增加患乳腺癌的危險(xiǎn)性,而第三段說到雌激素會(huì)導(dǎo)致乳腺癌的增加。

  3.A第四段尤其是最后一句已是結(jié)論性的話,紅肉吃得多,患乳腺癌的可能性就大,反之就小,故成正比。

  4.A倒數(shù)第三段列出了研究人員過去認(rèn)為吃紅肉可能致乳腺癌的三個(gè)原因,其中第一個(gè)就是紅肉的烹調(diào)方法。

  5.B同樣倒數(shù)第三段中出的第三個(gè)因素就是紅肉中所含的鐵的種類,言下之意是有些類型的鐵致癌,有的就不致癌,因此說所有食物中的鐵都致癌顯然是錯(cuò)的。

  6.B倒數(shù)第二段說道,食用大量白藜蘆醇這種植物的混合物的老鼠就會(huì)長壽,最后一段又說道白藜蘆醇能提高肌肉的功能,這些都是正面的、積極的作用,并沒有說它能致癌。

  7.C倒數(shù)第二段只說紅酒中含有白藜蘆醇,并沒有說其他酒類有還是沒有。

  譯文:紅肉――乳腺癌的又一危險(xiǎn)誘因

  醫(yī)生說婦女多進(jìn)行體育鍛煉并保持正常的體重有助于降低患乳腺癌的危險(xiǎn)性。

  媽媽們?nèi)绻o孩子喂奶至少達(dá)到了四個(gè)月,也會(huì)減少患乳腺癌的幾率。對(duì)于年齡偏大的婦女們來說,激素補(bǔ)充療法能減少患一些其他疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但是又發(fā)現(xiàn)指出這同時(shí)會(huì)增加乳腺癌患病幾率。因此,婦女們應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎選擇。在飲食方面同樣需謹(jǐn)慎。

  新的研究表明,年輕女性吃紅肉越多,激素受體陽性,乳腺癌的患病率就越高。體內(nèi)雌激素或孕激素的高低對(duì)此有很大影響。

  馬薩諸塞州鄙視頓時(shí)的布里翰女子醫(yī)院的研究人員公布了一項(xiàng)健康調(diào)查的結(jié)果。從1991年到2003男,研究人員調(diào)查了9萬多名女性的健康狀況。多者一天吃一份或一份半紅肉(一份大概是84克)。 少者每周不超過三次。關(guān)于激素受體陽性乳腺癌,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),患乳腺癌的的女性中,吃紅肉最多的人幾乎是最少的人的兩倍。

  調(diào)查負(fù)責(zé)人Eunyoung Cho 說,二者之間為何有這種關(guān)系需要進(jìn)一步通過研究論證。但是以前的研究表明,吃紅肉致乳腺癌可能有三個(gè)原因:一是紅肉的烹調(diào)方法,二是養(yǎng)牛時(shí)用了生長激素,三是紅肉中所含鐵元素的種類。這項(xiàng)研究登在了《內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)檔案》雜志上。

  那么,讓我們?cè)倭私庖幌掳邹继J醇,但飼養(yǎng)老鼠所用的白藜蘆醇比人們能沖紅酒中獲取的要多得多。

  法國有科學(xué)家說,白藜蘆醇還能改善肌肉功能――至少對(duì)老鼠是這樣。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室踏車測(cè)試中,(食用白藜蘆醇的)老鼠能比在正常情況下跑得快兩倍。

  遺傳學(xué)、分子生物學(xué)籍細(xì)胞生物學(xué)研究所進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究在《細(xì)胞》雜志中有報(bào)道。

    環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示:如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問,請(qǐng)登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱英語頻道論壇,隨時(shí)與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

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