2014年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)(衛(wèi)生類(lèi))教材閱讀理解文章及譯文10

　　衛(wèi)生類(lèi)-閱讀理解　　　

　Cigars Instead?

　　Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.

　　Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus，and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold1，say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.

　　In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers2 and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.

　　The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “ Cigars ： Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.

　　“This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase3 in cigar use and the significant public health consequences4 for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute，in a statement.

　　"The data are clear 一 the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with5 the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases，” he added. “ In other words，cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes6 and may be addictive. ”

　　"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is ― don't.7 To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks，” warned Klausner.

　　According to a National Cancer Institute press release8，there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events，but "... a significant body of evidence9 clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. ”

　　詞匯：

　　cigar 雪茄煙 double 使加倍，把……增一倍

　　esophagus 食管 larynx

　　esophageal 食管的 e mit 發(fā)出，射出，散發(fā)

　　carcinogenic 致癌的 nitrosamine亞硝胺

　　invaluable 非常寶貴的，無(wú) 價(jià)的

　　carcinogen 致癌物 alternative 供替代的抉擇

　　addictive (使人)上搬的，(使人)入迷的

　　eliminate 排除，消除，根除

　　注釋?zhuān)?/P>

　　1.sixfold：六倍。fold 是一個(gè)表示倍數(shù)的后綴,如：sevenfold，eightfold。

　　2.smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8. 5 times the risk for nonsmokers:每天吸三到四支雪茄時(shí)這些吸煙者患口腔癌的危險(xiǎn)增加到不吸煙者的8.5倍

　　3.disturbing increase:令人不安的增長(zhǎng)(指吸雪茄人數(shù)增加引起老師對(duì)大眾健康問(wèn)題的擔(dān)憂)

　　4.significant public health consequences ：又才大眾健康造成的嚴(yán)重后果

　　5.be associated with ：與……有關(guān)

　　6.cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes:雪前不是香煙的安全替代品

　　7.To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is ― don't.對(duì)那些 正考慮吸雪茄的人,我們的建議是別那么做。

　　8.press release：(通訊社或政府機(jī)構(gòu)等發(fā)布的)新聞稿

　　9.a significant body of evidence:大量的有力證據(jù)。body是“一大堆”的意思。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day

　　A increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.

　　B greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.

　　C increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.

　　D greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.

　　2.In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?

　　A Six.

　　B Seven.

　　C Eight.

　　D Nine.

　　3.What is the main idea of the article “Cigars： Health Effects and Trends" ?

　　A When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.

　　B Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.

　　C Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.

　　D Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.

　　4.What is the doctors' advice to those cigar-smokers?

　　A To give it up completely.

　　B To give up part of it.

　　C Not to think about it any more.

　　D To cure the diseases first.

　　5. In the context of this passage, ” secondhand smoke" means

　　A smoking bad-quality cigars.

　　B smoking very cheap cigars.

　　C being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking.

　　D being near cigar smokers when they are smoking.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.D 第三段中“smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times, the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers." 談?wù)摿宋鼰熣呋及┌Y的可能性(與不吸煙者相比分別增加到8.5倍和4倍)。

　　2.B 第一段中提到 lip，tongue, mouth, throat 四種，第二段中提到 lung, esophagus, larynx 三 種，共七種，第三段中的oral是對(duì)lip, tongue, mouth等的統(tǒng)稱(chēng)，不應(yīng)再算做一種。

　　3.A倒數(shù)第三段中的一句話概括了文章的中心，即"...cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive."

　　4.A 倒數(shù)第二段中醫(yī)生的建議是‘‘To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer. ??”，艮P 完全方文棄 0

　　5.D 二手吸煙，即我們所說(shuō)的被動(dòng)吸煙,最后一段中的“nonsmokers at cigar social events”提 示了這一情景。

　　譯文：換抽雪茄?

　　政府研究表明一天抽一到兩支雪茄使唇、舌、口腔、咽喉得癌癥的幾率提高一倍。

　　馬里蘭的貝瑟斯達(dá)國(guó)家癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu)的研究員說(shuō)，每天抽雪茄增加肺癌和食管癌的發(fā)病率，會(huì) 使喉癌的發(fā)病率提高6倍。

　　另外,報(bào)告指出一天抽三到四支雪茄會(huì)使口腔癌發(fā)病率提高到不吸煙者的8. 5倍，使食道癌的 發(fā)病率提高到不吸煙者的4倍。

　　吸雪茄對(duì)健康的影響是文章《雪茄：健康影響與傾向》中八個(gè)問(wèn)題中的一個(gè)。研究人員說(shuō)，一支 大雪茄排放出的煙草特有的致癌亞硝胺是一支香煙的90倍。

　　國(guó)家癌癥研究所的負(fù)責(zé)人Richard Klausner博士在一次發(fā)言中說(shuō)：“這篇文章為國(guó)家提供了清楚 而有價(jià)值信息,它指出了的關(guān)于雪茄消費(fèi)的令人不安的增長(zhǎng)及其對(duì)公眾健康造成的嚴(yán)重后果。”

　　“事實(shí)很顯然――雪茄中的有害物和致癌物和香煙一樣，與幾種癌癥和心臟、肺部疾病發(fā)病率 的增長(zhǎng)有關(guān)。”他又補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“換句話說(shuō)，雪茄不是香煙的安全替代品，它一樣可以令人上癮?！?/P>

　　Klausner警告說(shuō)：“對(duì)那些想要抽雪茄的人,我們的忠告是"~不要抽。對(duì)那些正在抽雪茄的人 來(lái)說(shuō)，要徹底消除癌癥、心臟病和肺病的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，唯一途徑就是戒煙。

　　國(guó)家癌癥研究所的新聞簡(jiǎn)報(bào)透露,在雪茄對(duì)被動(dòng)吸煙者的健康影響方面還沒(méi)有進(jìn)行研究，但是 “……大量的有力證據(jù)表明被動(dòng)吸煙者中肺癌發(fā)病率增長(zhǎng)了”。

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