2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材閱讀理解文章及譯文12

　　衛(wèi)生類-閱讀理解　　

　Common-cold Sense

　　You can't beat it, but you don't have Jo join it.2 Maybe it got the name ” common cold" because it's more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one 3. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses,, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one4.

　　Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults，because they have more colds than adults 一 an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. ‘

　　There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it _ but only it.5

　　Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route.6 The highest concentration of cold viruses 7 anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.

　　Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.

　　But even careful hygiene won't ward off 8 every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose 9 strikes?

　　The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you'll also find some of the folk remedies10 worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey)， lemon, and water have real benefits.

　　詞匯：

　　rhinovirus 鼻病毒 preferably 更可取地，更好 地

　　virus 病毒 disinfectant 消毒劑，殺菌劑

　　immune 免疫的，有免疫力的 prescription 訣窩;處方,藥方

　　infect 傳染，侵染，感染 sneeze 打噴嚏

　　remedy 治療，治療法,藥品

　　注釋：

　　1. 標(biāo)題“common-cold sense”實際上是在單詞“commonsense”(常識)中插入cold (感冒)一詞,意為“關(guān)于感冒的常識”。

　　2. "You can't beat it, but you don't have to join it. ”字面上的意思是“你無法打敗它，但你并不 是非得加入它的行列不可”，實際上指的是目前尚沒找到徹底對付感冒的辦法，但至少我們 可以試圖預(yù)防感冒。

　　3. …being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one.動名詞短語“being cold"意思是 “感到冷”，在句中作主語;動詞短語“not have anything to do with something"意思是“與某 事無關(guān)”，在句中作謂語;最后一個不定代詞“one”指的是“一種感冒”，作賓語。整句話的 意思是“受涼和得感冒并沒有什么因果關(guān)系”。

　　4. ... medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.醫(yī)學(xué)與其說能教你如何擺脫感冒，不如說它能告訴你如何預(yù)防感冒。

　　5.Being infected by one makes you immune to it ― but only it.被一種病毒感染過后使你對它 產(chǎn)生免疫力――但只是對這種(病毒)而言。be immune to sth.意思是“對某物有免疫力” 或“不受某事的影響”。

　　6.From another person's hand to your harld and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route.這是一個倒裝句，按照正常語序句子應(yīng)該是The most common route is from another person's hand to your hand and then to ybur nose or eyes,意為“最普通的(傳染)途徑是從 別人的手傳到你的手中，再傳到你的鼻子或眼睛里去”。

　　7.The highest concentration of cold viruses ：感冒病菌最集中的地方

　　8.ward off：避開，防止

　　9.runny nose：流鼻涕

　　10.folk remedies: 土藥方，偏方

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.According to the essay, you may have a cold because

　　A the weather is too cold.

　　B the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected.

　　C another person's coughing passes the cold to you.

　　D you wash your hands too often.

　　2.The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is

　　A to keep yourself clean.

　　B to use i disinfectant soap.

　　C to take two aspirins every day.

　　D to drink lots of water.

　　3.Children have more colds because

　　A they are usually infected about eight times each year.

　　B they are not immune to many cold viruses yet.

　　C they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty.

　　D they don't like eating lemon.

　　4.When you are having a cold,

　　A it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time.

　　B it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time.

　　C it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time.?

　　D it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time. 5.When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT

　　A coughing.

　　B having a sore throat.

　　C having a runny nose.

　　D having a stomachache.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B第一段雖然提到了感冒常發(fā)生于冬天，但緊接下去說得很清楚：受涼并不會導(dǎo)致感冒，所 以A不是正確答案。文章第四段第一句說得明白：感冒通常是由于與感冒的人身體直接接 觸而傳染的，而不是由打噴嚏或?嗽傳染的，所以C項也不是正確答案。至于D更是錯誤。 答案B與第一段第四句的意義相吻合，因此是正確答案。

　　2.A第五段的第一句話“Hygiene is your best defense"意思是“衛(wèi)生是你的最佳防御”，與A 項相吻合，因此A項是正確答案。同一段中提到的用消毒肥皂洗手，雖然也是保持衛(wèi)生的手 段之一，但僅是一個具體措施，不是全部措施，所以B項不是正確答案。C項提到的服阿司 匹林是治感冒的手段之一，而非預(yù)防手段(況且沒有說到“一天服兩片”!)D項提到的多喝 水在文中也指治療手段，所以C和D都不是正確答案。

　　3.B第二段中提到兒童平均一年得八次感冒，這是一個統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)而不是兒童得感冒的原因; 文中并沒有說“兒童從不洗手”;文中也沒有說“兒童不喜歡吃檸檬”;所以A、C、D都不對。 B項與第二段最后一句意思一樣，是正確答案。

　　4.C第三段提到有150多種感冒病毒，而人們絕不會被同一種病毒侵害兩次，因為得了一次 感冒后對相應(yīng)的病毒就獲得了免疫力，所以只有C項才符合第三段的內(nèi)容。

　　5.D本題談的是文中提及的感冒癥狀。文中并沒有提到得了感冒就胃疼，實際上文中根本就 沒有“stomachache”這個詞或相關(guān)的字眼，所以D項是正確答案。

　　譯文：關(guān)于感冒的常識

　　目前尚沒有找到徹底對付感冒的方法，但至少我們可以預(yù)防感冒。感管這一名稱的由來是因為 這種病癥常見于冬天。而事實上受涼和感冒并沒有什么因果關(guān)系。感盲是由鼻病毒的傳播引起的， 而且直到今天，醫(yī)學(xué)能告訴你的只是如何去預(yù)防而不是如何根治感冒。

　　感冒病毒經(jīng)常通過兒童傳染給成人，因為兒童易得感冒――平均一年里有8次左右。為什么小 孩比父母更加容易得感冒?答案很簡單。兒童不可能對多種感冒病毒都具有免疫能力。

　　感冒病毒有150多種。一個人不可能兩次感染上同一病毒。被一種病毒感染后人體就會產(chǎn)生 對它的免疫力。但這種免疫力只是針對這一種病毒。

　　感冒傳播的途徑通常不是打噴嚏和咳嗽，而是身體的直接接觸。最普通的途徑是從別人的手傳 到你的手中，再傳到你的鼻子或眼睛里去。感冒病毒最集中的地方是小孩的拇指甲蓋里，盡管在皮 膚等光滑表面上病毒也能存活幾個小時。

　　保持衛(wèi)生是最好的預(yù)防方法：經(jīng)常用消毒肥皂洗手，尤其是當(dāng)家里有小孩患感冒時。

　　然而即使注意衛(wèi)生也不能預(yù)防所有的感冒。當(dāng)你咳嗽、打噴嚏、流鼻涕時該怎么辦? 服兩片阿司匹林，大量喝水，睡一覺，這個老法子還是很有效的。也可以試試一些偏方，用熱開 水加糖(或蜂蜜)和檸檬汁內(nèi)服，這個方法也很管用。

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